Elaboration of Vehicle Trafficability Maps Using Remote Sensing and GIS: a Systematic and Comprehensive Review
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Vehicle trafficability maps are cartographic products that allow users to check the forecast of trafficable land in areas that do not have roads available for travel to the destination or that have been damaged by natural events that may make it impossible to use roads built for vehicle trafficability. In these cases, off-road travel through poorly explored terrain can be a viable option, with the planning of the route to be followed aided by trafficability maps. These cartographic products can be produced using Digital Image Processing techniques, Remote Sensing (RS) and other auxiliary data. In this study, a wide-ranging search was carried out on the World Wide Web in order to verify published works whose object of study was trafficability maps, within a time frame of the last 20 years. A total of 45 studies were found and duly analyzed in order to extract the main information and results. The results indicate that the relief variable is the most frequently used (97.78%), followed by vegetation (95.55%), water bodies (91.11%), soil type (82.22%), anthropogenic features (80%), soil moisture (60%) and meteorological conditions (40%). Most of the studies operated on a topographic scale (71.11%). A small proportion of the studies carried out field work (31.11%), and most of them were aimed at the military (53.33%), with studies generally concentrated in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and India and using a variety of parametric and non-parametric methods.
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