Some results on periodic orbits of functions

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BEJOM-v6-2025-76862

Keywords:

Periodic points, periodic orbits, Intermediate Value Theorem, Li-Yorke Theorem

Abstract

In this work we will study several concepts related to real continuous functions in one variable, highlighting results related to fixed points, periodic orbits and the Li-Yorke Theorem. This last theorem establishes that if a real function applies the interval [a,b] to itself and has a point of period three, then it will have periodic points of any positive integer period. The results will be obtained mainly through applications of the Intermediate Value Theorem and Brouwer Fixed Point Theorem, two classic results in Mathematics, whose formulation and geometric interpretations are relatively simple and whose applications are quite relevant in several sciences.

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Author Biographies

  • Mayara Beatriz Ferreira Drumond , Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

    Bachelor’s degree in Mathematics (Teaching) from the Universidade Federal de Viçosa (UFV), with a postgraduate degree in Teaching Methodology in Mathematics and Physics from UNINTER, and a master’s degree in Mathematics (ProfMat) from the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP). Currently,  works as a Mathematics teacher for Elementary School at Sirlei de Brito Ribeiro Municipal School in Brumadinho/MG and at Vila Pinho Municipal School in Belo Horizonte/MG.   

  • Wenderson Marques Ferreira, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

     Graduated in Mathematics with degrees in both Education (Licentiate) and Science (Bachelor)  from the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP), with a Master’s and Doctorate in Mathematics from the  Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais. Since 2008, works as a professor in the Department of Mathematics at UFOP, involved in undergraduate education as well as the Professional Master’s Program in Mathematics in National Network (ProfMat). He coordinated the Bachelor’s Degree in Mathematics Education  program at UFOP from 2019 to 2024 and currently works as a Regional Coordinator for the Scientific Initiation Program of  Brazilian Mathematics Olympiad of Public Schools - OBMEP. His research interests and publications focus on Analysis, Partial Differential Equations, and Mathematics Education.      

  • Eder Marinho Martins, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto

    Graduated in Mathematics with degrees in both Education (Licentiate) and Science (Bachelor)  from the Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, UFOP, (2003), Master's degree in Mathematics from the Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, (2006) and Doctorate in Mathematics from UFMG (2009). Worked as substitute professor at UFOP in 2003 and at UFMG in 2004. He is currently Associate Professor IV at the UFOP. He was regional coordinator of OBMEP in 2016, guiding professor of OBMEP in 2015, coordinator of the Mathematics Bachelor's course at UFOP between the years of 2015 and 2017, since 2018 he has been coordinator of the Tutorial Education Group (PET) in Mathematics at UFOP. Works in the area of EDP/Analysis, especially in problems of existence and uniqueness of solutions for Differential Equations and Non-linear Autovalues and is also interested in researching Digital Technologies in Mathematics Teaching. Works as a Researcher / Counselor at Professional Master’s Program in Mathematics in National Network - PROFMAT / UFOP and at Master in Math Education - PPGEDMAT / UFOP. Has 23 published articles, a published book, supervised 9 master's dissertations and one doctoral thesis,  21 scientific initiation orientations, and 7 undergraduate thesis.  

References

Huang, X. “From Intermediate Value Theorem To Chaos”. Em: Mathematics Magazine, JSTOR 65 (1992), pp. 309–311.

Li, T. e Yorke, J. “Period Three Implies Chaos”. Em: The American Mathematical Monthly 82 (1975), pp. 985–992.

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Pereira, R. O., Ferreira, W. M. e Martins, E. M. “A Equivalência entre o Teorema do Ponto Fixo de Brouwer e o Teorema do Valor Intermediário”. Em: Revista de Matemática de Ouro Preto 1 (2018), pp. 108–119.

Drumond, M. B. F. “Órbitas Periódicas de Funções e o Teorema de Li-Yorke: Uma Aplicação do Teorema do Valor Intermediário”. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Matemática em Rede Nacional - Profmat). Ouro Preto: Instituto de Ciências Exatas e Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, 2018, p. 50.

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Muniz Neto, A. C. Fundamentos de Cálculo. Coleção PROFMAT. Rio de Janeiro, Brasil: SBM, 2014.

Brás, J. C. T. “Dinâmica de Funções Contínuas na Reta”. Dissertação (Mestrado em Ensino de Matemática). Covilhã, Portugal: Universidade da Beira Interior, 2013.

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Published

2025-09-26

How to Cite

BEATRIZ FERREIRA DRUMOND , Mayara; MARQUES FERREIRA, Wenderson; MARINHO MARTINS, Eder. Some results on periodic orbits of functions. BRAZILIAN ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF MATHEMATICS, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, v. 6, p. 1–19, 2025. DOI: 10.14393/BEJOM-v6-2025-76862. Disponível em: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/BEJOM/article/view/76862. Acesso em: 5 dec. 2025.

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