Estimation of Susceptibility to the Contamination of the Serra Geral Aquifer System in Aratiba-RS by Different Methods
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Abstract
The water supply in urban and rural areas is a problem faced by many countries. In southern Brazil, the Brazilian Southern Plateau, the city of Aratiba, is the reality of the small towns of the Rio Grande do Sul state, where both areas are supplied almost entirely by groundwater. This region presents some problems that threaten the quality of their groundwater, such as wastewater discharge waste from pigs and broilers without treatment, and the indiscriminate use of agrochemicals. In this context, this study aimed to estimate the susceptibility of the Serra Geral Aquifer System at the municipal level, through the Susceptibility Index and Groundwater hydraulic confinement, Overlaying Strata, Deph to groundwater table. For this we used information on land use, groundwater depth, aquifer material, recharge and topography. The results showed that the Aquifer System Serra Geral an IS ranging from low (27,09% of the municipal area) to high (2,29% of the area), with a predominance of moderate class low (47,24%). But the GOD system showed a vulnerability ranging from insignificant (13,54%) average (86,46%), with predominance of the middle class of vulnerability. The results for both methods were similar, indicating that the aquifer has natural conditions of protection due to the presence of volcanic rocks. However, the importance of environmental preservation is emphasized, either locally or regionally, thus reducing the risks of impacts to the environment, whether underground or surface.
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