Text Production using Generative Artificial Intelligence
an analysis of the ENEM Essay genre based on texts generated by ChatGPT
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/DLv19a2025-34Keywords:
ChatGPT, Genre, ENEM essayAbstract
With the advent of ChatGPT, an impact has been seen in different areas due to its versatility and function of generating texts that resemble human writing. In the educational context, for example, the way students have been using this resource has caused concerns among teachers regarding aspects of authorship, creativity and originality. This research aimed to verify whether ChatGPT (co) creates texts in the ENEM essay genre, considering formal, functional and interactional aspects. This genre was selected due to its relevance in school practices, especially in high school, since it has a very relevant social function, as it is the gateway to universities throughout Brazil. This study is based on the theoretical assumptions of Rhetorical Genre Studies (Bazerman, 2006; Miller, 2012), on research on school writing practices (Marcuschi, 2008, 2012; Antunes, 2003) and studies on ChatGPT (Santaella, 2023; Kaufman, 2022; Caiado, 2023). For the methodological framework of this research, three prompts/operational statements were developed to analyze how the texts are generated based on the command given to the machine and whether they adhere to the linguistic and textual mechanisms, social function, interactional role, and institutional or social expectations regarding writing. The results revealed that ChatGPT is capable of (co)creating texts in the ENEM essay genre based on how the prompt/operative statement is produced. It is noticeable, therefore, that the more specifically and thoroughly the prompt/operative statement is written, the more ChatGPT generates a text that meets the formal and functional aspects of the genre. If the command is written in a generic way, the generated text meets only the parameters of the standard norm and with a wide diversity of cohesive elements, but it distances itself from the form, social function and institutional or social expectations regarding the essay. This finding reinforces the idea that ChatGPT can assist in written text production practices, as long as teachers and students know how to construct detailed prompts/operative statements, and have broad knowledge about the genre, to assess whether the text generated by the machine corresponds not only to its linguistic and textual nature, but also to the discursive and socio-rhetorical aspects.
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Copyright (c) 2025 Mirella Silva Barbosa, Roberta Varginha Ramos Caiado, Benedito Bezerra

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