Rádio Ocultação GNSS: Revisão Teórica, Missões e Produtos

Conteúdo do artigo principal

Gabriel Oliveira Jerez
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6893-2144
Daniele Barroca Marra Alves
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9033-8499
Raphael Silva Nespolo
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3696-1359
João Francisco Galera Monico
https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4101-9261
Manuel Hernández-Pajares
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9687-5850

Resumo

A rádio ocultação (RO) começou a ser utilizada para a sondagem da atmosfera de outros planetas a partir da década de 1960. Com o desenvolvimento do Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) e de missões com satélites de baixa órbita (Low Earth Orbit - LEO) surgiu a possibilidade de investigações da atmosfera terrestre com a aplicação da RO-GNSS. Dos satélites transmissores GNSS até os receptores instalados nos satélites LEO, os sinais propagados sofrem diferentes tipos de influência da atmosfera. O sinal transmitido é refratado e, com isso, pode ser coletado pelo receptor embarcado no LEO, apesar da obstrução pela Terra. Essa geometria possibilita o cálculo dos índices de refração, os quais possuem informações da composição da atmosfera terrestre. Entre os perfis obtidos a partir do índice de refração, destacam-se os de temperatura, pressão e densidade de elétrons. No presente trabalho é realizada uma revisão teórica da técnica de RO-GNSS, com o intuito de apresentar a técnica e seu potencial a pesquisadores de diversas áreas que tenham possibilidade de utilizá-la. Primeiramente é apresentado um breve histórico do desenvolvimento da técnica, bem como as principais missões relacionadas ao tema, incluindo a situação de missões atualmente em operação e algumas perspectivas futuras. Além disso, são apresentados os principais elementos envolvidos na geometria da ocultação, bem como os principais conceitos e formulações para a obtenção dos perfis. Por fim, alguns produtos provenientes de missões de RO-GNSS são apresentados e analisados.

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JEREZ, G. O.; ALVES, D. B. M.; NESPOLO, R. S.; MONICO, J. F. G.; HERNÁNDEZ-PAJARES, M. Rádio Ocultação GNSS: Revisão Teórica, Missões e Produtos. Revista Brasileira de Cartografia, [S. l.], v. 74, n. 4, p. 943–967, 2022. DOI: 10.14393/rbcv74n4-63973. Disponível em: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/revistabrasileiracartografia/article/view/63973. Acesso em: 22 jul. 2024.
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