Point Symbols for Large-scale Topographic Mapping
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Abstract
There is a lack of a current standardized symbology to be applied to large-scale topographic mapping in Brazil. In addition, there is a need to discuss concepts of visual perception for the development of cartographic symbols. In this way, this work proposes point symbols for large-scale topographic mapping (1:2.000). This approach is done based on concepts of visual perception to propose the symbols and on user preference tests for these symbols for large-scale topographic mapping. The preference tests were applied after maps reading tasks involving the levels of navigation and measurement proposed by Board (1978). In total 121 participants took the test in a digital environment. The test aimed to evaluate whether symbols presented with outline and white background are better detected, discriminated, and recognized on the context of the map. The symbols that are not considered effective according to the methodology proposed by Clarke (1989) were reformulated, so that possible flaws in the process of creating the symbols were corrected. The tested and untested symbols were made available to the academic community through the Github platform of the Laboratório Geoespacial Livre from Universidade Federal do Paraná, so they can be used and improved by researchers and users of the area.
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