ENVIRONMENTAL CONFLICTS AND TERRITORIAL JUSTICE IN PROTECTED AREAS: THE CASE OF CAPARAÓ NATIONAL PARK – BRAZIL

Abstract

This article examines the territorial conflicts associated with the expansion and boundary redefinition of Caparaó National Park, located between the states of Minas Gerais and Espírito Santo. The study analyzes the socio-environmental impacts resulting from this process, particularly for local residents whose lands were incorporated into the protected area. The research draws upon a bibliographic review and semi-structured interviews conducted with residents, as well as current and former park employees. The interview narratives were examined using Bardin’s (1979) content analysis methodology. The findings reveal that the park’s territorial expansion generated substantial socioeconomic impacts on local communities, exposing an environmental conflict shaped by disputes over land use, property rights, and territorial control. In light of these findings, the article argues for a reassessment of the park’s current boundaries and for the implementation of compensation measures for families dispossessed through the conservation process, with the aim of addressing the historical injustices associated with the establishment of conservation policy.