Characterization of the antagonist microbiota in biofertilizers and their role in multitrophic interactions for the management of Meloidogyne exigua in arabica coffee under a randomized block design with a 9×2 factorial scheme
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v42n0a2026-79269Keywords:
Biological control agentes, Coffea, Microorganisms, Nematode, Pests.Abstract
Root-knot nematodes are among the main pathogens of Arabica coffee, with emphasis on Meloidogyne exigua. Among the management alternatives, the use of biofertilizers of microbial origin stands out, but this is commonly limited, due to the lack of information about which species make up the product. This information is essential for the management and association of biofertilizers with chemical nematicides, for example. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of microorganisms present in two commercial biofertilizers used for the management of M. exigua and to evaluate their effectiveness in reducing the population of M. exigua in Arabica coffee crops when associated with two chemical nematicides. To this end, the microorganisms present in biofertilizers Bio1 and Bio2 were isolated in different culture media and morphologically and genetically characterized. The effectiveness of biofertilizers alone and associated with chemical nematicides in controlling the M. exigua population was evaluated in an Arabica coffee plantation cv. Catuaí 44. For this, 218 bacteria distributed in 61 genetic groups were isolated. Higher Relative Efficiency values were observed in plants treated with Bio1+Bio2+Fluensulfone, Bio2, Bio1+Bio2, and Bio1, respectively. The reduction of root nematodes was greater in the Fluensulfone treatment, followed by Bio1 and Bio2. For the number of soil nematodes, the greatest reduction occurred in the Bio1+Bio2 and Bio2 treatments. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of biofertilizers containing microorganisms that act to promote growth and bioprotection, when used for reducing the population of M. exigua in Arabica coffee crops.
References
ABD-ELGAWAD, M. M. M. Integrated nematode management strategies: optimization of combined nematicidal and multi-functional inputs. Plants. 2025, 14, 1004. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants14071004
AFRIDI, M. S. et al. Long-term benefit contribution of chemical and biological nematicide in coffee nematode management in soil microbial diversity and crop yield perspectives. Microbiological Research. 2024, 282, 127638. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micres.2024.127638
AL SADEK, M. G.; MOHAMMAD, A. K.; HUSSAIN, W. S. Ecology, distribution of nematodes. In: Nematode-Plant Interactions and Controlling Infection. IGI Global. 2023, 14–37.
ALVES, C. S. et al. Greenhouse and field assessment of biological and chemical agents against guava decline. Summa Phytopathologica. 2021, 47, 96–102. https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-5405/235097
AYAZ, M. et al. Biocontrol of plant parasitic nematodes by bacteria and fungi: a multi-omics approach for the exploration of novel nematicides in sustainable agriculture. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2024, 15, 1433716. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2024.1433716
BATES, D. et al. Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software. 2015, 67(1), 1–48. https://doi.org/10.18637/jss.v067.i01
BONETI, J. I. S.; FERRAZ, S. Modificação do método de Hussey & Barker para extração de ovos de Meloidogyne exigua de raízes de cafeeiro. Fitopatologia Brasileira. 1981, 6(3), 553.
BOUZAR, H. et al. Multiphasic analysis of xanthomonads causing bacterial spot disease on tomato and pepper in the Caribbean and Central America: evidence for common lineages within and between countries. Phytopathology. 1999, 89(4), 328–335. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO.1999.89.4.328
COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO – CONAB. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira: café. Monitoramento Agrícola. 2023, 10(3).
CZARNIECKA-SKUBINA, E. et al. Consumer choices and habits related to coffee consumption by Poles. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2021, 18(8), 3948. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18083948
DEEIKSHANA, T. et al. Review of Secondary metabolites from microbes in the management of plant-parasitic nematodes. Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology. 2025, 136, 102578, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2025.102578
GHSSEIN, G.; EZZEDDINE, Z. A review of Pseudomonas aeruginosa metallophores: pyoverdine, pyochelin and pseudopaline. Biology. 2022, 11(12), 1711. https://doi.org/10.3390/biology11121711
GUPTA, R. et al. Employing Bacillus and Pseudomonas for phytonematode management in agricultural crops. World Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 40 (11), 331, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11274-024-04137-1
HEMMATI, S., SAEEDIZADEH, A. Root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne javanica, in response to soil fertilization. Brazilian Journal of Biology. 2019, 80(3), 621–630. https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.218195
HERAS, J. et al. GelJ – a tool for analyzing DNA fingerprint gel images. BMC Bioinformatics. 2015, 16, 270. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12859-015-0703-0
JENKINS, W. R. A rapid centrifugal–flotation technique for separating nematodes from soil. Plant Disease Report. 1964, 48, 692.
JONES, J. G. et al. Evaluation of nematicides for southern root-knot nematode management in lima bean. Crop Protection. 2017, 96, 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2017.02.015
KISAAKYE, J. et al. Chitin-enriched insect frass fertilizer as a biorational alternative for root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita) management. Frontiers in Plant Science, 15, p. 1361739, 2024. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2024.1361739
LOUWS, F. J. et al. Specific genomic fingerprints of phytopathogenic Xanthomonas and Pseudomonas pathovars generated with repetitive sequences and PCR. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 1994, 60(7), 2286–2295. https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.60.7.2286-2295.1994
MACHADO, A. C. Z.; KUMAR, R.; DOS REIS FATOBENE, B. J. Nematode problems in coffee and their sustainable management. In: Nematode Diseases of Crops and Their Sustainable Management. Academic Press. 2023, 641–651. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-91226-6.00008-0
MARTINS, B. E. M. et al. Characterization of bacterial isolates for sustainable rice blast control. Revista Caatinga. 2020, 33(3), 702–712. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252020v33n313rc
NARAYAN, A. et al. An efficient and cost-effective method for DNA extraction from athalassohaline soil. 3 Biotech. 2016, 6(1), 62. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13205-016-0383-0
NAWAZ, T. et al. Bio-fertilizer effects on plant-parasitic nematodes. In: Biofertilizers for Sustainable Soil Management. CRC Press. 2023, p. 279–289.
NGAMAU, C. N, et al. Isolation and identification of endophytic bacteria of bananas (Musa spp.) in Kenya and their potential as biofertilizers for sustainable banana production. African Journal of Microbiology Research. 2012, 80(3), 621–630. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJMR12.1170
PANTIGOSO, H. A.; NEWBERGER, D.; VIVANCO, J. M. The rhizosphere microbiome: plant–microbial interactions for resource acquisition. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2022, 133(5), 2864–2876. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15686
PAUL, P. A. et al. Efficacy of triazole-based fungicides for fusarium head blight and deoxynivalenol control in wheat. Phytopathology. 2008, 98(9), 999–1011. https://doi.org/10.1094/PHYTO-98-9-0999
PRADANA, A. P. et al. Biocontrol of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in arabica coffee seedling by using fortified bacterial consortium. 2023, 17. https://doi.org/10.25186/.v17i.2063
R CORE TEAM. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna, Áustria, 2023.
RANI, P. et al. Evaluation of bacterial formulations as potential biocontrol agents against the southern root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control. 2022, 32(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41938-022-00529-3
ROCHA, G. T. et al. Morphological and biochemical characterization of bacterial species of Bacillus, Lysinibacillus and Brevibacillus. Revista Ceres. 2023, 70, 91–104. https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-737X202370030010
SHIN, J-I. et al. A novel repeat sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) using specific repeat sequences of Mycobacterium intracellulare as a DNA fingerprinting. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2023, 14, 1161194. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2023.1161194
SIDDIQUI, Z. A.; MAHMOOD, I. Role of bacteria in the management of plant parasitic nematodes: a review. Bioresource Technology. 1999, 69(2), 167–179.
SILVA, R. B.; VALICENTE, F. H. Molecular characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis using rep-PCR. SpringerPlus. 2013, 2(1), 641. https://doi.org/10.1186/2193-1801-2-641
SOUSA, L. P.; GUERREIRO-FILHO, O.; MONDEGO, J. M. C. The rhizosphere microbiomes of five species of coffee trees. Microbiology Spectrum. 2022, 10(2), e0044422. https://doi.org/10.1128/spectrum.00444-22
THOMASSEN, G. M. B. et al. Bacterial community development and diversity during the first year of production in a new salmon processing plant. Food Microbiology. 2023, 109, 104138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fm.2023.104138
THOMASSEN, G. M. B. et al. ON‐rep‐seq as a rapid and cost‐effective alternative to whole‐genome sequencing for species‐level identification and strain‐level discrimination of Listeria monocytogenes contamination in a salmon processing plant. MicrobiologyOpen. 2021, 10(6), e1246. https://doi.org/10.1002/mbo3.1246
VERSALOVIC, J. Genomic fingerprinting of bacteria using repetitive sequence-based polymerase chain reaction. Methods in Molecular and Cellular Biology. 1994, 5, 25–40.
ZINGER, F. D. et al. Quantification of damage and yield losses and management of root-knot nematodes in conilon coffee. Revista Caatinga. 2021, 34(2), 287–297. https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252021v34n205rc
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Adan Dezan Côgo, Fernanda Pereira da Silva, Íris Petronilia Dutra, Simone de Paiva Caetano Bucker Moraes, Dimmy Herllen Silveira Gomes Barbosa, Willian Bucker Moraes, André da Silva Xavier, Leandro Fonseca de Souza, Fábio Ramos Alves
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
