Effects of short-term strength training on body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity of elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Authors

  • Osvaldo Costa Moreira Universidade Federal de Viçosa
  • Claudia Eliza Patrocínio de Oliveira Universidade Federal de Viçosa
  • Sergio Maroto-Izquierdo Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon
  • María José Cuevas Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon
  • José Antonio de Paz Institute of Biomedicine, University of Leon

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v35n6a2019-42775

Keywords:

Resistance training, Muscle power, Muscle strength, Body Composition, Aged.

Abstract

To examine the effects of short-term strength training (STST) on different manifestations of muscle strength in the lower limbs, functional capacity and body composition of people 65 years old or older. We searched the electronic databases (PubMed, Web of Science and Cochrane) to identify all publications using STST (up to 12 weeks) in people aged 65 or older, published in the last five years, prior to May 2018. Results were analyzed as continuous data using random effects to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and the 95% confidence interval (95%CI). 28 studies with 921 subjects met the inclusion criteria and were analyzed. These works were grouped into three categories for analysis: Muscular Strength, Functional Capacity and Body Composition. In Muscular Strength category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.95 (95%CI: 0.63; 1.26), with a significant STST effect (Z= 5.93; p<0.001), over the different strength manifestations analyzed. In Functional Capacity category, the STST decreased the Time Up-and-Go test run time (SMD: -1.01; 95%CI: -1.56; -0.47) and increased the repetitions’ number performed in 30-s chair-stand test (SMD: 1.07, 95% CI: 0.79, 1.34). In Body Composition category, the overall pooled effect estimate was 0.13 (95%CI: -0.16; 0.42), without finding a significant effect of STST (Z= 0.87; p= 0.38). STST has a moderate to large effect in improving the different manifestations of muscle strength and functional capacity. However, this type of intervention has no effect on body composition.

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Published

2019-12-02

How to Cite

MOREIRA, O.C., OLIVEIRA, C.E.P. de, MAROTO-IZQUIERDO, S., CUEVAS, M.J. and DE PAZ, J.A., 2019. Effects of short-term strength training on body composition, muscle strength and functional capacity of elderly: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Bioscience Journal [online], vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 1941–1957. [Accessed14 November 2024]. DOI 10.14393/BJ-v35n6a2019-42775. Available from: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/42775.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences