The concept of "obutchenie" in the face of capitalist meritocracy in education in paraná: a study in light of the historical-cultural theory

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the congruence between the meritocratic logic of Bill No. 730/2021, implemented in Paraná’s Basic Education, and the process of obutchenie (instruction) in the formation of scientific thinking, according to Historical-Cultural Theory. It seeks to understand the impact of capitalism on educational alienation and investigate whether meritocracy interferes with school management and teaching work by linking bonuses to the achievement of government-imposed goals. This bibliographic and documentary research examines how this policy reflects the commodification of education and transforms teaching into a mechanism of institutional ranking. It highlights that this model compromises the development of students' higher psychological functions, shifting the focus from humanization to achieving results in external evaluations. Thus, the study investigates not only the congruence between meritocracy and the process of instruction (obutchenie) but also its impacts on school management, teaching work, and pedagogical autonomy. It seeks to assess whether this structure contributes to the formation of theoretical and scientific thinking or if it reinforces an educational model focused on ranking and statistical performance, distancing itself from its social and humanizing function.