Ethics and Good Practices 

The journal Sociedade & Natureza works in accordance with the ethical principles of the Code of Ethics American Educational Research Association  (AERA - available here), the Code of Good Scientific Practice - FAPESP (available here) and the Council of Science Editors (CSE - available here) regarding publication.

To promote the integrity of research, the strengthening and transparency in the process, all the material published in is in accordance with the Guidelines on Best Practices for Strengthening
Ethics in Scientific Publication (available here) and the Open Science Compliance Form (available here).

The SOCIEDADE e NATUREZA journal adopts the definition of misconduct as indicated by the "Office Research Integrity - ORI", which consists of:

- Fabrication: making up data or results and recording or reporting them.
- Falsification: Manipulating materials, equipment or research processes, omitting data or results so that the research is not accurately represented in the research record.
- Plagiarism: consists of appropriating someone else's ideas, processes, results or words without giving proper credit.

The authors are responsible for the information contained in their manuscripts.

Papers submitted for evaluation will undergo a technical review for plagiarism analysis on the CopySpider platform, version 2.1.1. The editorial team will check the data. If plagiarism is detected, just a paragraph without its proper citation is sufficient to return the paper to the authors. Regarding self-plagiarism, a manuscript may have less than 10% overall similarity to another paper from the same author or 50% when it is the result of a master's or doctoral thesis. Above it, the paper will send back to the authors with an indication of the problem, and the authors can make the necessary changes and submit the paper again to the Journal.

Cases of plagiarism reported to the Journal after the publication of the paper will be analyzed by the Editorial Committee and, if the complaint is confirmed, the paper will be removed from the Journal immediately. The authors may also be penalized.

It is understood that "Research misconduct" does not include honest errors or differences of opinion, the authors being subject to the sanctions established by the Editorial Board when actions relevant to the concept presented here are detected.

In the case of Duplicate and Redundant Publication, Correction and Retractions, the Sociedade & Natureza Journal adopts the publication of original material, which has not been previously published or which is being revised in other journals, even if in other languages.

Papers submitted to Sociedade & Natureza Journal cannot be submitted to any other journal while it is under evaluation in Sociedade & Natureza. Duplicate publication is the practice of submitting the same manuscript to more than one journal. Redundant publication is one that implies an inadequate division of the study results in more than one paper, and if detected, it results in the rejection of the paper or its retraction, and the authors are subject to the sanctions established by the Editorial Board.

In the case of corrections and retractions, resulting in errors or failures, regardless of nature or origin, and which do not imply "Publication Misconduct", they may be corrected through errata. In the case of manuscripts already published in which "Publication Misconduct" is identified, they will be subject to retraction through the explanation of the reasons, in which case authors and co-authors must agree with the content.

Research related to humans and animals must be accompanied by a copy of approval from the ethics committee.