EVALUATION OF LANDSCAPE DYNAMICS AND HETEROGENEITY OF FOREST PATCHES IN THE CONTEXT OF FOREST-WATER-SOCIETY NEXUS IN TWO HYDROGRAPHIC BASINS IN JUNDIAÍ – SP

Abstract

The spatial, temporal and functional heterogeneity is relevant in the identification of bottlenecks and opportunities for the management of water supply basins and constitutes an element for the apprehension of forest-water-society relations. This study carried out a spatial and temporal analysis in two hydrographic basins, aiming to identify the changes that occurred in the landscape composition and configuration, focusing on forest patches and their functionality for water production. Geoprocessing and application of AREA, ENN, PROXRIO and SHAPE metrics were used to assess the forest patches configuration in the basins in 1985 and 2020. An important process of urbanization in the basins was observed, predominantly in agricultural areas, and which has been taking place in parallel to the net increase in forest cover. Such forest cover represents 37.3% of the territory, being unevenly distributed in the landscape. The existing proximity among the fragments can be increased through the restoration of Áreas de Preservação Permanente (APPs) occupied by agricultural activities, which make up 34.3% of the water APPs. It is concluded that there must be a policy of zero deforestation in the basins, with expansion of human uses only in areas that are already degraded, associated with encouraging the forests restoration throughout the landscape, as a strategy for the territory management.