Palavras-chave
Biogeografia
Políticas ambientais
Como Citar
Resumo
As savanas são um bioma pirofítico, hotspot de biodiversidade e de relevante importância mundial, ocupando 20% da superfície terrestre. É um bioma que necessita da queima para a manutenção da sua biodiversidade e pirodiversidade, tendo sofrido com a alteração dos regimes de fogo pela ação conjunta direta e indireta de fatores como desmatamento, agropecuária e mudanças climáticas, resultando na perda, degradação e fragmentação de hábitats. Tal fato pode gerar impactos para a avifauna, alterando dinâmicas populacionais e sua distribuição na paisagem. Assim, esse trabalho avaliou quais as influências do fogo em populações de avifauna nas savanas, por meio de uma pesquisa bibliográfica. Constatou-se que o fogo impacta a avifauna diretamente ou indiretamente, bem como atuam positivamente ou negativamente, conforme o nicho da espécie avaliada e suas características intrínsecas. O efeito observado dependerá da capacidade de detecção de incêndios, capacidade de locomoção, espécie, hábito, guilda funcional, parâmetros demográficos, disponibilidade de recursos, evolução sucessional pós-distúrbio, habilidade de dispersão e a escala geográfica da área atingida pelo incêndio. Os principais impactos observados para esse clado são os efeitos indiretos, sendo que suas populações mais impactadas negativamente são as ratitas e as que tem baixa capacidade de locomoção. Apesar das muitas lacunas de conhecimento acerca dos efeitos do fogo sobre parâmetros populacionais da avifauna, os estudos que enfocam dinâmicas de comunidades indicam que, no geral, há poucas alterações nos índices de riqueza e abundância. Assim, faz-se necessária uma maior compreensão sobre as consequências do fogo sobre as aves, para subsidiar melhor as ações do Programa de Manejo Integrado do Fogo e a sua ampliação no território brasileiro, em busca de uma gestão ambiental de qualidade, dinâmica e integrada.
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