Resumo
Em meio à crise ambiental global, a importância dos ambientes naturais para a sociedade tem sido cada vez mais estudada e incorporada em políticas públicas urbanas, ambientais, de lazer e saúde. A crescente urbanização da população mundial evidencia o papel desempenhado pelas áreas verdes na proteção de serviços ecossistêmicos diversos, com destaque para os benefícios à saúde e bem-estar, tanto para a população adulta, quanto para crianças e adolescentes. Nesse sentido, o presente trabalho buscou investigar as motivações e os benefícios percebidos por visitantes de quatro parques urbanos no Brasil, relacionados a dez dimensões do bem-estar, e para o desenvolvimento infantil. A partir de levantamento realizado com 816 visitantes de parques localizados nos municípios de Brasília, Rio de Janeiro e Juiz de Fora, foi identificado um perfil sociodemográfico semelhante. As motivações para visitar e os benefícios percebidos com a visita aos parques urbanos foram elevadas para todas as dimensões do bem-estar, com destaque para a dimensão emocional, seguida do bem-estar físico, ambiental, espiritual e social. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas entre as cidades. Três em cada quatro visitantes concorda ou concorda totalmente que os parques urbanos trazem benefícios para o desenvolvimento das crianças, principalmente benefícios físicos, respiratórios, sociais, para o desenvolvimento cognitivo e redução da ansiedade. Os resultados destacam, portanto, a relevância dos parques urbanos no Brasil para a promoção do bem-estar da sociedade e para o desenvolvimento infantil, o que reforça a necessidade de investimento em políticas públicas voltadas à criação e implementação de áreas verdes acessíveis e adequadas para permitir o usufruto cotidiano a todos os cidadãos, particularmente no contexto urbano.
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