Bioethanol production from urban cellulosic waste employing Alcaligenes faecalis HI-1 isolated from gut of termite Heterotermes indicola

Mehwish Iqtedar; Sidra Riaz; Saima Shehzaad Mirza; Mahwish  Aftab; Afshan Kaleem; Roheena Abdullah; Ayesha Aihetasham; Farheen  Aslam; Myra Wasim

doi:10.14393/BJ-v37n0a2021-53598

Authors

Mehwish Iqtedar Lahore College for Women University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2350-3431
Sidra Riaz Lahore College for Women University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4673-9797
Saima Shehzaad Mirza Punjab Bioenergy Institute https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3287-9879
Mahwish Aftab Lahore College for Women University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0131-328X
Afshan Kaleem Lahore College for Women University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3972-0051
Roheena Abdullah Lahore College for Women University https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3932-6297
Ayesha Aihetasham University of the Punjab https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0533-6366
Farheen Aslam University of the Punjab https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-2401
Myra Wasim University of the Punjab https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7720-2581

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v37n0a2021-53598

Keywords:

Bioethanol, Cellulolytic Bacteria, Office Paper, Termite Gut.

Abstract

This study assessed the potential of termite gut inhabiting bacteria towards bioconversion of cellulosic waste into biofuel. Total seven bacterial isolates from the gut of Heterotermes indicola were isolated. Among all the isolates, HI-1 produced the largest zone upon primary screening. Untreated paper had more cellulose content (73.03%) than acid (0.5%) treated paper that was used as a lignocellulosic substrate for saccharification. Among all the isolates tested, glucose yield (1.08mg/mL) was high for HI-1 isolate. Several factors were considered for optimizing augmented glucose yield (8.57mg/mL) and growth (8.07×10⁸cfu/mL), such as temperature 37°C, pH 4.5, 5% (w/v) substrate concentration, 6 % bacterial inoculum size, agitation 150 rpm with PEG 0.25 % and Ca²⁺ ions 0.002 g/L. Overall 8-fold increase in glucose yield was achieved. Enzyme activity of HI-1 showed higher endoglucanase 0.29 ± 0.01 (U/mL/min) and exoglucanase 0.15±0.01 (U/mL/min) activity under optimum conditions, mentioned above. temperature 37°C, pH 4.5, substrate concentration 5%, inoculum size 6%, surfactants PEG 0.01%, ions Ca²⁺(0.002g/L) and agitation (120 rpm). Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) of hydrolyzed office paper yielded 5.43mg/mL bioethanol. According to 16S rRNA sequence homology, the bacterial isolate H1 was identified as Alcaligenes faecalis. Bioethanol production from office paper untreated waste proved an effective strategy. Bacteria having natural tendency towards cellulosic waste consumption are promising for bioconversion of cellulosic waste to valuable products.

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