Glyphosate-resistant hairy fleabane (Conyza bonariensis) exhibits a larger number of trichomes and altered stomatal density relative to the susceptible counterpart

Luisa Carolina  Baccin; Alfredo Junior Paiola   Albrecht; Rafael Pedroso; Lucas da Silva  Araújo; Mateus Augusto  Dotta; Ricardo Victoria  Filho

doi:10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-64343

Autores

Luisa Carolina Baccin Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6456-6044
Alfredo Junior Paiola Albrecht Universidade Federal do Paraná https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8390-3381
Rafael Pedroso Oregon State University https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7611-6750
Lucas da Silva Araújo Universidade de São Paulo
Mateus Augusto Dotta Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4980-6024
Ricardo Victoria Filho Universidade de São Paulo

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-64343

Palavras-chave:

Herbicides, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Stoma, Leaf surface.

Resumo

Após a rápida adoção das culturas Roundup Ready, aplicações de glifosato tornaram-se mais frequentes enquanto o uso de outros mecanismos de ação herbicida foi negligenciado. Biótipos resistentes a herbicida foram relatados em três espécies principais de Conyza no Brasil incluindo Conyza bonariensis, elevando o custo-base de produtores. Visto que estruturas da superfícia foliar influenciam a correta deposição, absorção e performance de herbicidas, objetivou-se caracterizar componentes da superfície epicuticular de C. bonariensis suscetível resistente (R) e suscetível (S) ao glifosato. Sementes de Conyza spp. foram coletadas em 36 localidades no Brasil e plantas submetidas a teste inicial de resistência realizados através da pulverização com glifosato a 720 e 1.440 g ea ha^-1 (0.5X e 1X da dose recomendada em bula, respectivamente). Dois biótipos de C. bonariensis foram selecionados e submetidos a novos testes visando caracterizar níveis de resistência. Tecido foliar para análise da superfície epicuticular foi coletado dos biótipos R e S recém-obtidos em dois estádios de crescimento, e cortes histológicos feitos em uma área de 25 mm²com o auxílio de uma lâmina. Amostras foram fixadas em solução de Karnowsky, dessecadas gradualmente até 100% etanol, secas no aparelho de ao ponto crítico usando CO₂ e metalizadas com ouro, seguido de quantificação da densidade de estômatos e tricomas usando microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Resultados indicaram baixo control com glifosato em 33 dos 36 biótipos de Conyza spp., e elevado (31,5) fator de resistência foi calculado após ensaios de dose-resposta. Análise da superfície foliar indicou que folhas de C. bonariensis são anfiestomáticas e exibem tricomas tectores. Um n´úmero superior de tricomas e densidade estomática alterada (expresso em número absoluto por mm²) foi quantificado em R em relação ao biótipo S, potencialmente reduzindo absorção e eficácia do glifosato.

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