Investigation of crude methanolic extract from poison secreted by the Rhaebo gutattus on status redox antioxidant in mice

Sheila Rodrigues do Nascimento Pelissari; Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin; Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues; Lee Yun Shen; Lindsey Castoldi; Adilson Paulo Sinhorin

doi:10.14393/BJ-v40n0a2024-69866

Authors

Sheila Rodrigues do Nascimento Pelissari Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso
Valéria Dornelles Gindri Sinhorin Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5070-0043
Domingos de Jesus Rodrigues Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8360-2036
Lee Yun Shen Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5913-2639
Lindsey Castoldi Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9678-5815
Adilson Paulo Sinhorin Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4133-8994

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v40n0a2024-69866

Keywords:

Antioxidants, Biodiversity, Poison Toad, Rhaebo guttatus.

Abstract

The study evaluated the antioxidant properties of a crude methanolic extract (CME) from Rhaebo guttatus poison in mice over a period of 7 and 30 days. The mice were divided into groups and treated with different concentrations of the extract (0; 8 μg mL^-1; 16 μg m^L-1 and 32 μg mL-1 or vehicle; 100 μL/animal/day; via gavage). The liver samples were analyzed for status redox parameters as catalase (CAT), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS). The results showed that the CME caused changes in the levels of various antioxidants and oxidative stress markers. At 7 days, there was an increase in TBARS levels (8 μg mL^-1 dose) and GST activity (16 μg mL^-1 dose), and a reduction in GSH levels (32 μg mL^-1 dose) compared to the control group. At 30 days, TBARS and GSH levels returned to control values in the same period, but GSH increased (32 μg mL^-1 dose) compared at 7 days; GST activity remained high after 30 days for 32 μg mL^-1 dose compared other groups and time of treatment (7 days). Overall, the study suggests that the extract modulates antioxidant properties per se that can affect various markers of status redox in the liver of mice, mainly 16 μg mL^-1 dose demonstrated to act under antioxidant enzymes in different times (7 or 30 days).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AIZARANI, N., et al. A human liver cell atlas reveals heterogeneity and epithelial progenitors. Nature. 2019, 572, 199–204. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-019-1373-2

BANFI, F.F., et al. Antiplasmodial and Cytotoxic Activities of Toad Venoms from Southern Amazon, Brazil. Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2016, 54(4), 415-421. http://dx.doi.org/10.3347/kjp.2016.54.4.415

BANFI, F.F., et al. Dehydrobufotenin extracted from the Amazonian toad Rhinella marina (Anura: Bufonidae) as a prototype molecule for the development of antiplasmodial drugs. Journal Venomous Animals and Toxins Including Tropical Diseases. 2021, 27, e20200073. https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-9199-JVATITD-2020-0073

BOLZANI, V.S. Biodiversidade, bioprospecção e inovação no Brasil. Ciencia e Cultura. 2016, 16(1), 4-5. http://dx.doi.org/10.21800/2317-66602016000100002

BRADFORD, M.M. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry. 1976. 72. 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1006/abio.1976.9999

BUEGE, J.A. and AUST, S.D. Microsomal lipid peroxidation. Methods in Enzymology. 1978, 52, 302-310. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0076-6879(78)52032-6

CAROCHO, M. and FERREIRA, I.C.F.R. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food and Chemical toxicology. 2013, 51, 15-25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2012.09.021

COE, M.T., et al. Deforestation and climate feedbacks threaten the ecological integrity of south–southeastern Amazonia. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 2013, 368, 201201552. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0155

DAI, Y., et al. Antiproliferative Homoisoflavonoids and Bufatrienolides from Urginea depressa. Journal of Natural Products. 2013, 76(5), 865-872. https://doi.org/10.1021/np300900a

FERREIRA, P.M.P., et al. Antiproliferative activity of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus venom extracts from Southern Amazon. Toxicon. 2013, 72, 43-51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2013.06.009

FROST, D.R., 2020. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 6.1 (Date of access). Electronic Database accessible at https://amphibiansoftheworld.amnh.org/index.php. American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. https://doi.org/10.5531/db.vz.0001

HABIG, W.H., et al. Glutathione S -transferases, afifirsten-etapazimatic in the formation of mercapturic acid. Journal of Biological Chemistry. 1974, 249, 7130.

HARVEY, A.L., et al. The re-emergence of natural products for drug discovery in the genomics era. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2015, 14, 111-129. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrd4510

HINKSON, K.M., et al. Cryopreservation and hormonal induction of spermic urine in a novel species: The smooth-sided toad (Rhaebo guttatus). Cryobiology. 2019, 89, 109.

IJAZ, M.U., et al. Tangeretin ameliorates bisphenol induced hepatocyte injury by inhibiting inflammation and oxidative stress. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2022, 29(3), 1375-1379. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.11.007

JARED, C., et al. The Amazonian toad Rhaebo guttatus is able to voluntarily squirt poison from the paratoid macroglands. Amphibia-Reptilia. 2011, 32, 546-549. https://doi.org/10.1163/156853811X603724

KERKHOFF, J., et al. Quantification of bufadienolides in the poisons of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus by HPLC-UV. Toxicon. 2016, 119, 311-318. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.07.003

LEONARDUZZI, G., et al. Targeting tissue oxidative damage by means of cell signaling modulators: The antioxidant concept revisited. Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 2010, 128(2), 336-374. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2010.08.003

MAILHO-FONTANA, P.L., et al. Passive and active defense in toads: The parotoid macroglands in Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus. Journal of Experimental Zoology Part A. 2014, 321(2), 65-77. https://doi.org/10.1002/jez.1838

NELSON, D.P. and KIESOW, L.A. Enthalpy of decomposition of hydrogen peroxide by catalase at 25 C (with molar extinction coefficients of H2O2 solutions in the UV). Analytical Biochemistry. 1972, 49, 474-478. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(72)90451-4

NEWMAN, D.J., et al. Natural Products as Sources of New Drugs over the Nearly Four Decades from 01/1981 to 09/2019. Journal of Natural Products. 2020, 83(3), 770-803. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b01285

OLIVEIRA, A.F., et al. Evaluation of antimutagenic and cytotoxic activity of skin secretion extract of Rhinella marina and Rhaebo guttatus (Anura, Bufonidae). Acta Amazonica. 2019, 49(2), 145-151. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201801751

PELISSARI, S.R.N., et al. Methanolic Extract of Rhinella marina Poison: Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Immunomodulatory Activities. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society. 2021, 32(8), 1584-1597. https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20210057

PELISSARI, S.R.N., et al. A crude methanolic extract from the parotoid gland secretion of

Rhaebo guttatus stimulates the production of reactive species and pro-inflammatory cytokines by peritoneal macrophages. World Academy Of Sciences Journal. 2023, 5(15), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.3892/wasj.2023.192

RAASCH-FERNANDES, L.D., et al. In vitro antimicrobial activity of methanolic extracts from cutaneous secretions of Amazonian amphibians against phytopathogens of agricultural interest. Acta Amazonica. 2021, 51, 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201904462

SEDLACK, J. and LINDSAY, R.H. Estimation of total, protein-bound, and nonprotein sulfhydryl groups in tissue with Ellman's reagent. Analytical Biochemistry. 1968, 25(1), 192-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(68)90092-4

SEGALLA, M.V., et al. Brazilian amphibians: list of species. Herpetologia Brasileira. 2016, 5(2), 34-46.

SCHEMITT, E.G., et al. Protective action of glutamine in rats with severe acute liver failure. World Journal of Hepatology. 2019, 11(3), 273-286. https://dx.doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v11.i3.273

SCHNEIDER, J.G. and MULLER, C.F. Historia Amphibiorum Naturalis et Literarariae. Fasciculus Primus. Continens Ranas, Calamitas, Bufones, Salamandras et Hydros in Genera et Species Descriptos Notisque suis Distinctos. Jena: Friederici Frommanni. eBook, 1799-1801.

SCIANI, J.M., et al. Differences and Similarities among Parotoid Macrogland Secretions in South American Toads: A Preliminary Biochemical. The Scientific World Journal. 2013, 2013, 937407. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/937407

SOUZA, E.B.R., et al. Comparative study of the chemical profile of the parotoid gland secretions from Rhaebo guttatus from different regions of the Brazilian Amazon. Toxicon. 2020, 179, 101-106. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.03.005

STAUFFER, J.K., et al. Chronic inflammation, immune escape, and oncogenesis in the liver: a unique neighborhood for novel intersections. Hepatology. 2012, 56(4), 1567-1574. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.25674

UETANABARO, M., et al. 2008. Field Guide to the Anurans of the Pantanal and Surrounding. Ed. UFMT, p.196.

WANG, J., et al. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic actions of bufotenine through inhibiting lipid metabolism pathway. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy. 2021, 140, 111749. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111749

ZAKARIA, Z., et al. Hepatoprotective Effect of Bee Bread in Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD) Rats: Impact on Oxidative Stress and Inflammation. Antioxidants. 2021, 10(12), 2031. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox10122031

ZULFIKER, A.H.M., et al. Aqueous and Ethanol Extracts of Australian Cane Toad Skins Suppress Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Secretion in U937 Cells via NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry. 2016, 117(12), 2769-2780. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcb.25577