Diversity of weeds species in grapes farms of Tayma (Tabuk, Saudi Arabia): implication for invasive species ecology
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-67975Keywords:
Abundance, Agroecosystems, Floristic composition, Grape, PCA, Weed species.Abstract
The biodiversity of the agroecosystem leads to changes in the Floristic composition, diversity, and abundance of weed species in crop and orchard farms. The present study is considered the first attempt to categorize, evaluate, and document the diversity of weed populations among different grape farms in Tayma, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. The results of ANOVA showed that the number of weed species varied significantly across the six grape farms. During six grape farms under study, 30 weed species belonging to thirteen families and 28 genera were recorded. In total, twelve weed species belong to the Poaceae family with a rate of 40%. While the other families are represented either by one or two species with rates of 3.3% and 6.7%, respectively. Biogeographic origins analysis showed that the Tropical area represented 23.3% of total weed flora, followed by Saharo Arabian (16.7%), Mediterannean-Euro Siberian-Irano-Turanian (13.3%) and American (10.0%). Therophytes were the dominant life forms with a rate of 66.7%, followed by Hemicryptophyte (20.0%), Geophyte (6.7%), and Chamaephyte (6.7%). A total of 16 and 14 weed species belong to the annual and perennial life span, respectively. Also, the grass and herb habits represented 40% and 60% of 30 weed species, respectively. According to the abundance score, the most common weed species of those grape farms in the region study are Cynodon dactylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, and Setaria verticillata, they belong to the Poaceae family. Based on the presence and absence of weed species in grape farms, the Principal Component Analyses (PCA) show that the grape farms and weed species (into two groups) are distinguished mainly along the first two components. Also, positive correlations were observed among most grape farms, according to PCA. Generally, more studies on the ecological aspects and floristic composition of weed species in grape farms are also needed.
Downloads
References
ABD EL-GHANI, M.M. and AMER, W.M. Soil-vegetation relationships in a coastal desert plain of southern Sinai, Egypt. Journal of Arid Environments. 2003, 55, 607-28. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-1963(02)00318-X
ADEUX, G., et al. Mitigating crop yield losses through weed diversity. Nature Sustainability. 2019, 2(11), 1018-1026. DOI: 10.1038/s41893-019-0415-y
AHMAD, Z., et al. Weed species composition and distribution pattern in the maize crop under the influence of edaphic factors and farming practices: A case study from Mardan, Pakistan. Saudi Journal biological sciences. 2016, 23, 741-748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2016.07.001
AL-GIFRI, A.N. Contribution to the vegetation of Hadhramaut, Yemen. Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences. 2006, 10(2), 291-297.
AL-GIFRI, A.N., SAEED, A.A. and AL-QUHBI, H.A.. Phytosociology and distribution of dominant plant community types along the road from fukum khors omerah: A costal area east of Aden, Yemen. International Journal of Biotechnology and Microbiology. 2019, 1(1): 32-39.
ALHAITHLOUL, H.A.S. Prevalence study of weeds in some economic orchards trees. Asian Journal Agric and Biol. 2019, 7(4), 512-518.
AL-HARBI, N.A. Diversity and taxonomic composition of weeds in olive orchards in Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia. Arid Ecosystems. 2017, 7(3), 203-208. https://doi.org/10.1134/S2079096117030064
AL-HARBI, N.A. A comparative study on the kinds of weeds of palm plantations in Tabuk and Al-Qassim regions in Saudi Arabia. Iraqi Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 2021, 52(3), 763-773. DOI: 10.36103/ijas.v52i3.1368
AL-HAWSHABI, O.S.S., AL-MEISARI M.A.S. and EL-NAGGAR, M.I.. Floristic composition, life-forms and biological spectrum of Toor Al-Baha District, Lahej Governorate, Yemen. Current Life Sciences. 2017, 3(4), 72-91. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.1067112
AL-MUTAIRI, K.A., et al. Floristic diversity of Tabuk province , North Saudi Arabia. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences. 2016, 26(4), 1019-1025.
AL-QAHTANI, S.M. Diversity of Weeds Species in Citrus Farms of Taymma (Tabuk, Saudi Arabia): Implication for Invasive Species Ecology. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia. 2018, 15(3), 619-625. DOI: 10.13005/bbra/2668
AL-QAHTANI, S.M. Effect of soil properties on the diversity and distribution of weeds in citrus farms in arid region. Applied Ecology and Environmental Research. 2019, 17(1), 723-732. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/1701_723732
ALSHERIF, E.A. Cereal weeds variation in middle Egypt: Role of crop family in weed composition. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2020, 27(9), 2245-2250. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2020.07.001
AI-YEMENY, M.N. A Check List of Weeds in Al-Kharj Area of Saudi Arabia. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 1999, 2(1), 7-13. DOI: 10.3923/pjbs.1999.7.13
AL-YEMENI, M.N. and SHER, H. Biological spectrum with some other ecological attributes of the flora and vegetation of the Asir Mountain of South West, Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2010, 9(34), 5550-5559.
AMIN, S.A. and BEHARY, M.K. Structure and diversity of weed communities associated with Cucurbita pepo L. cv. Scarlette “Zucchini” in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. African Journal of Plant Science. 2018, 10(11), 479-485. DOI:10.5897/IJBC2018.1234
ANDERSSON, N. and MILBERG, P. Weed Flora and the Relative Importance of Site, Crop, Crop Rotation, and Nitrogen. Weed Science. 1998, 46, 30-38. doi:10.1017/S0043174500090135
BAKER, H.G. The evolution of weeds. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics. 1974, 5(1), 1-24.
BRAND, J., et al. Weed Management. In: Yadav, S.S., McNeil, D.L., Stevenson, P.C. (eds) Lentil. Springer, Dordrecht. 2007, 159-172. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6313-8_10
BRITANNICA, T. Editors of Encyclopaedia (2022, December 6). grape. Encyclopedia Britannica. https://www.britannica.com/plant/grape
CALLAWAY M.B. A compendium of crop varietal tolerance to weeds. American Journal of Alternative Agriculture. 1992, 7(4), 169-180. doi:10.1017/S088918930000477X.
CHIPOMHO J., et al. Influence of soil organic carbon, fertiliser management, and weeding regime on weed dynamics and maize productivity on sandy soils in eastern Zimbabwe. South African Journal of Plant and Soil. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1080/02571862.2020.1845831
CHAUDHARY, S.A., PARKER, C., KASASIAN, L., Weeds of central, southern and eastern Arabian Peninsula. Tropical Pest Management. 1981, 27, 181-190. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670878109413649
CHAUDHARY, S.A. In: Flora of the Kingdom of the Saudi Arabia, vol. II. Ministry of Agriculture and Water, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, 2000.
COLLENETTE, S., Wild Flowers of Saudi Arabia, Riyadh: Natl. Com. Wildl. Conserv. Dev., 1999.
CRAIG, B. (2022). Nova Scotia Guide to Pest Management in Grape 2022. Available in: https://www.perennia.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/03/Grape-Guide-2022_FINAL.pdf
DANGWALL, et al. Effect of weeds on the yield of wheat crops in Tehsil Nowshera. Journal of American Science. 2010, 6(10), 405-407.
DOUCET C., et al. Separating the effects of crop rotation from weed management on weed density and diversity. Weed Science. 1999, 47(6), 729-735. http://www.jstor.org/stable/4046141
DRINKWATER, L.E., JANKE, R.R. and ROSSONI-LONGNECKER, L. Effects of tillage intensity on nitrogen dynamics and productivity in legume-based grain systems. Plant Soil. 2000, 227, 99-113. doi:10.1023/A:1026569715168
EL-HASHASH, E.F. and EL-ABSY, K.M. (2019). Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Breeding. In: Al-Khayri, J., Jain, S., Johnson, D. (eds) Advances in Plant Breeding Strategies: Cereals. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23108-8_1
EL-HASHASH, E.F., et al. Bread Wheat Productivity in Response to Humic Acid Supply and Supplementary Irrigation Mode in Three Northwestern Coastal Sites of Egypt. Agronomy. 2022, 12(7), 1499. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12071499
EL-GHAZALI, E.B. and ALSOQEER, A.A. A checklist of the weed flora of Qassim Region, Saudi Arabia. Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. 2013, 7(2), 900-905.
EL-SHEIKH, M.A. Weed vegetation ecology of arable land in Salalah, Southern Oman. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2013, 20, 291–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2013.03.001
FAO. FAOSTAT Grapes Production Statistics 2020, www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL (accessed on 15 December 2022).
FRIED, G., NORTON, R.L. and REBOUD, X. Environmental and management factors determining weed species composition and diversity in France. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment. 2008, 128, 68–76. doi:10.1016/j.agee.2008.05.003.
GIANCASPRO, A., et al. Optimization of an In Vitro Embryo Rescue Protocol for Breeding Seedless Table Grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) in Italy. Horticulturae. 2022, 8, 121. https://doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8020121
GAZER, M.H. Vegetation composition and floristical diversity in date palm orchards of Central Saudi Arabia. Acta Botanica Hungarica. 2011, 53(1–2), 111-126. DOI: 10.1556/ABot.53.2011.1-2.10
GOMAA, N.H. Composition and diversity of weed communities in Al-Jouf province, northern Saudi Arabia. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2012, 19(3), 369-376, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.002
GOMAA, N.H. Floristic composition of weed vegetation in citrus orchards in Aljouf Region, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Journal of Bio-Molecular Sciences (JBMS). 2017, 5(1), 15-23. DOI:10.1016/j.sjbs.2012.05.002
GOMAA, N.H., et al. Allelopathic potential of Sonchus oleraceus L. on germination and seedling growth of crop and weed species. Acta Botanica Brasilica. 2014, 28, 408-416. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062014abb3433
HÅKANSSON, S. (1982). Multiplication, growth and persistence of perennial weeds. In: Holzner, W., Numata, M. (eds) Biology and ecology of weeds. Geobotany, vol 2. Springer, Dordrecht. pp 123-135. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0916-3_11
HAMADACHE, A. Les mauvaises herbes des grandes cultures. Biologie, écologie, moyens de lutte. Institut Technique des Grandes Cultures (ITGC), Algérie, 1995, 40p.
HARPER, J.L. Population Biology of Plants. Academic Press, London, 1977.
HOLM L.G., et al. University Press of Hawaii; Honolulu, Hawaii, USA: The World's Worst Weeds. Distribution and Biology, 1977.
HOUNGBÉDJI, T., et al. Weed communities of rain-fed lowland rice vary with infestation by Rhamphicarpa fistulosa. Acta Oecological. 2016, 77, 85-90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actao.2016.09.004
IBRAHIM, H.M., et al. Influence of the African paleotropical floristic categories on the flora of high-altitude Mountains in Yemen: case study of Jabal An-Nabi Shuáyb, Sana’a, Yemen. Phytologia Balcanica. 2018, 24(1), 75-85.
LOUREIRO, I., et al. Glyphosate as a Tool for the Incorporation of New Herbicide Options in Integrated Weed Management in Maize: A Weed Dynamics Evaluation. Agronomy. 2019, 9(12), 876. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120876
MARSHALL, E.J.P. and ARNOLD, G.A. Weed seed banks in arable fields under contrasting pesticide regimes. Annals of Applied Biology. 1994, 125, 349-360. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-7348.1994.tb04975.x
MARSHALL, E.J.P. and ARNOLD, G.M. Factors affecting field weed and field margin flora on a farm in Essex, UK. Landscape Urban Plan. 1995, 31, 205-216. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-2046(94)01047-C.
MISBAHULLAH, S.K.K., et al. Weed density, phenology, tillers and flag leaf area of wheat affected by sorghum extract concentration in combination with herbicides and application time. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 2019, 32, 124-133. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2019/32.1.124.133
PIELOU, E.C. Ecological Diversity. Willey Interscience. P. 165, 1975.
RADOSVICH, S.R. Weed Ecology. In: Implications for Vegetation Management. A Wiley – Interscience Publication, USA, p. 265, 1984.
RAUNKIAER, C. The Life Forms of Plants and Statistical Plant Geography. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1934.
RICE E.L. Academic Press; New York, San Francisco, London: 1974. Allelopathy.
ROBIN, M. H. Analyse et modélisation des effets des pratiques culturales et de la situation de production sur les dégâts causés par les bio-agresseurs des cultures. Application au blé d'hiver. 253p. (Doctoral dissertation), Polytechnic National Institute of Toulouse, France, 2014.
RAUBER, R.B., et al. Weed communities in semiarid rainfed croplands of Central Argentina: comparison between corn (Zea mays) and soybean (Glycine max) crops. Weed Science. 2018, 66(3), 368-378. https://doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2017.76.
ROBBINS, W.W., CRAFTS, A.S. and RAYNER, R.N. Weed Control: A Textbook and Manual. 2nd Edn., McGraw Hill Book Co., New York, USA., Pages: 503. 1952.
SAEED, W.A. and AL-SUBAI, M.Y. The Effect of the different environmental factors the structure on the vegetation cover in the coastal plants in Abyan Governorate, Yemen. Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences. 2001, 5(1), 71-83.
SANS, F.X. and MASALLES, R.M. Phenological patterns in an arable land weed community related to disturbance. Weed Research. 1995, 35(5), 321–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.1995.tb01627.x
SAWICKA, B., et al. Biodiversity of Weeds in Fields of Grain in South-Eastern Poland. Agriculture. 2020, 10(12), 589. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10120589
SEN, D.N., MISHRA, R.K. and KUMAR, S. Yield Losses by Weeds in the Indian Arid Zone. Inter. Symp. on Weed Biology, Ecology and Systematics. 1984, 7, 339-346.
SCAVO, A.; et al. DifferentiatedWeed-Suppressive Ability of Modern and Old Durum Wheat Cultivars after Long-Term Cultivation under Semi-Arid Climate. Plants. 2022, 11, 3368. https://doi.org/10.3390/plants11233368
SHAH, A.M., et al. Weeds population studies and wheat productivity influenced by different sowing techniques and herbicides. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research. 2018, 32(1), 87-94. https://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.pjar/2019/32.1.87.94
SHALTOUT, K.H. and E. F. EL HALAWANY, E.F. Weed communities of date palm in Eastern Arabia. Qatar University Science Journal. 1992, 12, 105-111.
SHER, H. and AL-YEMENI, M.N. Ecological investigation of the weed flora in arable and non-arable lands of Al-Kharj Area, Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Agricultural Economics and Extension. 2020, 8(4), 001-006.
STENCHLY, K., et al. Weed species structural and functional composition of okra fields and field periphery under different management intensities along ruralurban gradient of two West African cities. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2017, 237, 213-223. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2016.12.028
WANG, S., et al. UV-B radiation increases paraquat tolerance of two broad-leaved and two grass weeds in relation to changes in herbicide absorption and photosynthesis. Weed Research. 2007, 47(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2007.00555.x
YOUSAF, A., et al. Assessment of composition and spatial dynamics of weed communities in agroecosystem under varying edaphic factors. PLoS ONE. 2022, 17(5), e0266778. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266778
ZAHRAN, M. Vegetation Types of Saudi Arabia. King Abdel Aziz University Press, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, 1982.
ZOHARY, M. Geobotanical Foundations of the Middle East. Vol. 1-2, Gustav Fischer Verlag Press, Stuttgart, Swets & Zeitlinger, Amsterdam, 1973.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Salem Mesfir Al-Qahtani, Essam F. El-Hashash, Karima M. El-Absy
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
