Can different polymerization times affect the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins?

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-66895

Keywords:

Flowable composite, Hardness, Solubility, Viscosity.

Abstract

This in vitro study evaluated and compared the effects of different polymerization times on the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins. Three flowable composite resins [Es Flow (ESF), IGOS Flow (IGF), Estelite Flow Quick (EFQ)] were tested in this study. Each flowable composite resin (n = 7) was polymerized in a disc-shaped mould (1x10 mm) with an LED light-curing unit (D Light Pro) for two different times (20 and 40 sec.). The top surfaces of all specimens were polished (Sof-Lex). The surface microhardnesses of the flowable composite resins were measured with a Vickers HMV microhardness tester. Water sorption and water solubility were calculated according to the ISO 4049 standard. One-way ANOVA and post hoc Tamhane, Dunnett, and Tukey tests were used in the statistical analyses. Pearson’s and Spearman’s rho correlation tests were used to assess possible correlations between the different variables. The results were evaluated with a significance of p<0.05. In terms of microhardness, a significant difference was found between materials at the same polymerization times (p<0.05). All materials showed water sorption of less than 40 µg/mm3 and water solubility of less than 7.5 µg/mm3 by following ISO 4049. The correlations among surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility showed that the differences were determined by the materials and the polymerization times. The physical properties of all flowable composite resin materials were enhanced after polymerization for twice the time recommended by the manufacturers.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABUELENAIN, D.A., NEEL, E.A.A. and AL-DHARRAB, A. Surface and mechanical properties of different dental composites. Austin Journal of Dentistry. 2015, 2(2), 1019.

ALPOZ, A.R., et al. Effects of light curing method and exposure time on physical properties of resin based dental materials. European Journal of Dentistry. 2008, 2(1), 37-42.

AUNG, S.Z., et al. The effect of different light curing units on Vickers microhardness and degree of conversion of flowable resin composites. Dental Materials Journal. 2021, 40(1), 44-51. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2019-353

BAROUDI, K. and RODRIGUES, J.C. Flowable Resin Composites: A Systematic Review and Clinical Considerations. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2015, 9(6), ZE18-ZE24. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2015/12294.6129

BARUTCIGIL, C. and YILDIZ, M. Intrinsic and extrinsic discoloration of dimethacrylate and silorane based composites. Journal of Dentistry. 2012, 40(1), e57-e63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2011.12.017

BAYNE, S.C., et al. A characterization of first-generation flowable composites. The Journal of American Dental Association. 1998, 129(5), 567-577. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.1998.0274

BEAUCHAMP, J., et al. Evidence-based clinical recommendations for the use of pit-and-fissure sealants: a report of the American Dental Association Council on Scientific Affairs. The Journal of American Dental Association. 2008, 139(3), 257-268. https://doi.org/10.14219/jada.archive.2008.0155

BOARO, L.C., et al. Sorption, solubility, shrinkage and mechanical properties of low-shrinkage commercial resin composites. Dental Materials. 2013, 29(4), 398-404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2013.01.006

BOWEN, R.L. and REED, L.E. Semiporous reinforcing fillers for composite resins: I. Preparation of provisional glass formulations. Journal of Dental Research. 1976, 55(5), 738-747. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345760550050701

CADENARO, M., et al. Flowability of composites is no guarantee for contraction stress reduction. Dental Materials. 2009, 25(5), 649-654. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2008.11.010

CHANDRU, T.P., et al. Evaluation of effect of polymerization time on curing depth of various bulk fill composites-an in vitro study. Journal of Research in Dentistry. 2020, 7(3), 45-52. http://dx.doi.org/10.19177/jrd.v7e3201945-52

CHINELATTI, M.A., et al. Evaluation of the surface hardness of composite resins before and after polishing at different times. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2006, 14(3), 188-192. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572006000300008

FABRE, H.S.C., et al. Water sorption and solubility of dentin bonding agent light-cured with different light sources. Journal of Dentistry. 2007, 35(3), 253-258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2006.09.002

FERRACANE, J.L. Elution of leachable components from composites. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1994, 21(4), 441-452. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1994.tb01158.x

FERRACANE, J.L. Hygroscopic and hydrolytic effects in dental polymer networks. Dental Materials. 2006, 22(3), 211-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.05.005

FLOYD, C.J.E. and DICKENS, S.H. Network structure of Bis-GMA-and UDMA-based resin systems. Dental Materials. 2006, 22(12), 1143-1149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2005.10.009

HERVÁS-GARCÍA, A., et al. Composite resins: A review of the materials and clinical indications. Medicina Oral Patologia Oral Cirugia Bucal. 2006, 11(2), E215-E220.

HIROYUKI, M., et al. Bis-MEPP-based flowable resin has low sorption and high color stability. 2019 IADR/AADR/CADR General Session (Vancouver, BC, Canada). Poster presentation. Final Presentation ID: 3652.

ILIE, N., KREPPEL, I. and DURNER, J. Effect of radical amplified photopolymerization (RAP) in resin-based composites. Clinical Oral Investigations. 2014, 18(4), 1081-1088. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-013-1085-1

ISO-STANDARDS (2009) ISO 4049 Dentistry-Polymer-based restorative materials Geneve: International Organization for Standardization 4th edition.

JAGER, S., et al. Filler content, surface microhardness, and rheological properties of various flowable resin composites. Operative Dentistry. 2016, 41(6), 655-665. https://doi.org/10.2341/16-031-l

KOWALSKA, A., SOKOLOWSKI, J. and BOCIONG, K. The photoinitiators used in resin based dental composite-A review and future perspectives. Polymers (Basel). 2021, 13(3), 470. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym13030470

KU, R.M., et al. Effect of flowability on the flow rate, polymerization shrinkage, and mass change of flowable composites. Dental Materials Journal. 2015, 34(2), 168-174. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.2014-178

KUBO, S., et al. Three-year clinical evaluation of a flowable and a hybrid resin composite in non-carious cervical lesions. Journal of Dentistry. 2010, 38(3), 191-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2009.10.003

LASSILA, L., et al. Characterization of new fiber-reinforced flowable composite. Odontology. 2019, 107(3), 342-352. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10266-018-0405-y

LIMA, A.F., et al. Influence of light source and extended time of curing on microhardness and degree of conversion of different regions of a nanofilled composite resin. European Journal of Dentistry. 2012, 6(2), 153-157.

LOPES, L.G., et al. Influence of pulse-delay curing on sorption and solubility of a composite resin. Journal of Applied Oral Science. 2009, 17(1), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572009000100006

MIRICĂ, I.C., et al. Influence of filler loading on the mechanical properties of flowable resin composites. Materials (Basel). 2020, 13(6), 1477. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13061477

PAYNE, J.H. The marginal seal of Class II restorations: flowable composite resin compared to injectable glass ionomer. Journal of Clinical Pediatric Dentistry. 1999, 23(2), 123-130.

ROBERTS, H.W., CHARLTON, D.G. and MURCHISON, D.F. Repair of non-carious amalgam margin defects. Operative Dentistry. 2001, 26(3), 273-276.

SALERNO, M., et al. Surface morphology and physical properties of new-generation flowable resin composites for dental restoration. Dental Materials. 2011, 27(12), 1221-1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.08.596

SIDERIDOU, I., TSERKI, V. and PAPANASTASIOU, G. Study of water sorption, solubility and modulus of elasticity of light-cured dimethacrylate-based dental resins. Biomaterials. 2003, 24(4), 655-665. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0142-9612(02)00380-0

SIDERIDOU, I.D., KARABELA, M.M. and VOUVOUDI, E.C. Physical properties of current dental nanohybrid and nanofill light-cured resin composites. Dental Materials. 2011, 27(6), 598-607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2011.02.015

SODERHOLM, K.J. Degradation of glass filler in experimental composites. Journal of Dental Research. 1981, 60(11), 1867-1875. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345810600110701

SODERHOLM, K.J., et al. Hydrolytic degradation of dental composites. Journal of Dental Research. 1984, 63(10), 1248-1254. https://doi.org/10.1177/00220345840630101701

SOUZA, A.B., et al. Color stability of repaired composite submitted to accelerated artificial aging. General Dentistry. 2012, 60(5), e321-e325.

TANAKA, K., et al. Residual monomers (TEGDMA and Bis-GMA) of a set visible-light-cured dental composite resin when immersed in water. Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. 1991, 18(4), 353-362. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.1991.tb00067.x

TARUMI, H., TORII, M. and TSUCHITANI, Y. Relationship between particle size of barium glass filler and water sorption of light-cured composite resin. Dental Materials Journal. 1995, 14(1), 37-44. https://doi.org/10.4012/dmj.14.37

USLU CENDER, E. and GULER, E. An in vitro evaluation of the efects of diferent acidic beverages on the surface hardness of restorative materials. Yeditepe Journal of Dentistry. 2018, 14(1), 35-41. https://doi.org/10.5505/yeditepe.2017.71473

WEI, Y.J., et al. Diffusion and concurrent solubility of self-adhering and new resin-matrix composites during water sorption/desorption cycles. Dental Materials. 2011, 27(2), 197-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dental.2010.10.014

YAP, A.U., LOW, J.S. and ONG, L.F. Effect of food-simulating liquids on surface characteristics of composite and polyacid-modified composite restoratives. Operative Dentistry. 2000, 25(3), 170-176.

YANG, J., et al. Effects of nano-zirconia fillers conditioned with phosphate ester monomers on the conversion and mechanical properties of Bis-GMA- and UDMA-based resin composites. Journal of Dentistry. 2020, 94, 103306. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2020.103306

ZHANG, H., et al. Randomized controlled clinical trial of a highly filled flowable composite in non-carious cervical lesions: 3-year results. Clinical Oral Investigation. 2021, 25(10), 5955-5965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00784-021-03901-z

Downloads

Published

2023-04-14

How to Cite

KAZAK, M., KOYMEN, S.S. and DONMEZ, N., 2023. Can different polymerization times affect the surface microhardness, water sorption, and water solubility of flowable composite resins?. Bioscience Journal [online], vol. 39, pp. e39073. [Accessed13 October 2024]. DOI 10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-66895. Available from: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/66895.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences