Epidemiological analysis of Paramphistomum species in Ruminants in selected Districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan

Naseem Rafiq; Sultan Ayaz; Sadaf Niaz; Mustafa Kamal; Luqman Khan

doi:10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-66497

Authors

Naseem Rafiq Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4840-3285
Sultan Ayaz Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Sadaf Niaz Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan
Mustafa Kamal Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5729-8037
Luqman Khan Government College Women University Sialkot https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3412-9294

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-66497

Keywords:

Epidemiology, Paramphistomum, Parasitic, Prevalence, Sedimentation.

Abstract

This epidemiological study was conducted to compare the climatic conditions of four different districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, in terms of the prevalence of parasitic infection Paramphistomum in cows and buffaloes. A total of 2400/cows and buffaloes (200/per month and 50/per district) fecal samples were collected. The samples were examined for Paramphistomum egg contamination by direct microscopic examination and sedimentation methods. The infectivity ratio was 17.5% in cows and 17% in buffaloes; the higher rate of infection was recorded in autumn with 41% in cows and 36% in buffaloes. Whereas the lowest ratio was 6.5% in cows and 7% in buffaloes recorded during spring. It was also noted that a high rate of prevalence was recorded in older animals (higher than 2 years of age) than younger (less than 2 years of age), while gender-wise, it was observed that male animals were more affected than females. Prevalence was higher in cows in Mardan district (19.30%) followed by Nowshera (19.10%) and Swabi (17.80%) districts while lowest in Charsadda district (13.80%) where in buffaloes the higher prevalence was recorded in Swabi (18.80%) followed by Mardan (18.60%) then Charsadda (16.80%) while lowest in Nowshera (13.80%).

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABUNNA, F., et al. Prevalence of bovine hydatidosis in Kombolcha ELFORA abattoir, North Eastern Ethiopia. Open Journal of Animal Sciences. 2012, 2(4), 281-286. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojas.2012.24038

ALI, S., et al. Prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in sheep and goats maintained at NARC, Islamabad [Pakistan]. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2000, 20(3), 157-158.

AL-SHAIBANI, I.R.M., et al. Epidemiology of ovine gastrointestinal nematodes in Hyderabad district, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2008, 28(3), 125-130.

AYAZ, M.M., et al. Epidemiological survey of helminths of goats in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Tropical Biomedicine. 2013, 30(1), 62-71.

CHAUDHRI, S.S., GUPTA, R.P. and SANGWAN, A.K. Helminthic diseases in ruminants of Haryana and their control. Agricultural Reviews-Agricultural Research Communications Centre India. 1993, 14, 121-121. https://doi.org/10.5958/j.0976-0555.48.1.011

CHOWDHURY, N. Helminths of domesticated animals in Indian subcontinent. Helminthology. 1994, 1994, 73-120. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-78838-3_3

DÍAZ, P., et al. Risk periods of infection by Calicophoron daubneyi (Digenea: Paramphistomidae) in cattle from oceanic climate areas. Parasitology Research. 2007, 101(2), 339-342. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-007-0493-z

DREYFUSS, G., et al. Prevalence and intensity of infections in the lymnaeid snail Omphiscola glabra experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica, Fascioloides magna and Paramphistomum daubneyi. Journal of helminthology. 2007, 81(1), 7-12. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07161162

DUTTA, S., MAJUMDAR, P. and BASAK, D.K. Studies on the incidence of paramphistomiasis in cattle (Bos indicus) in West Bengal. Indian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 1995, 15, 84-86.

GEORGI, I.R., GEORGI, M.E. and THEODORIDES, V.J. Parasitology for Veterinarians. 7th Ed, W.B Saunder Company London, 1999.

GUPTA, R.P. AND SINGH, J. Prevalence of paramphistomes in ruminants of Karnal and Ambala districts of Haryana. Haryana Agricultural University Journal of Research. 1990, 20(1), 6-7.

HANNA, R.E.B., et al. Seasonal reproduction in Paramphistomum epiclitum and Gastrothylax crumenifer, rumen paramphistomes of the Indian water buffalo, and comparison with the biliary paramphistome Gigantocotyle explanatum. International journal for parasitology. 1988, 18(4), 513-521. https://doi.org/10.1016/0020-7519(88)90016-1

HANSEN, J. and PERRY, B.D. The epidemiology, diagnosis and control of gastro-intestinal parasites of ruminants in Africa: a handbook. ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD), 1990.

HARIDY, F.M., EL-SHERBINY, G.T. and MORSY, T.A. Some parasitic flukes infecting farm animals in Al-Santa Center, Gharbia Governorate, Egypt. Journal of the Egyptian Society of Parasitology. 2006, 36(1), 259-264.

HORAK, I.G. Paramphistomiasis of domestic ruminants. Advances in parasitology. 1971, 9, 33-72.

IJAZ, M., et al. Infection rate and chemotherapy of various helminths in goats in and around Lahore. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2008, 28(4), 167-170.

IQBAL, Z., et al. Prevalence and economic significance of haemonchosis in sheep and goats slaughtered at Faisalabad abattoir. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 1993, 30(1), 51-53.

JITHENDRAN, K.P. Helminth parasites-A constraint in animal health management in Himachal Pradesh. ENVIS Bulletin Himalayan Ecology. 2000, 8(2).

JUYAL, P.D., et al. Epidemiological status of paramphistomiasis in domestic ruminants in Punjab. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2003, 2003, 231-235. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(14)60720-9

KAKAR, M.N. and KAKARSULEMANKHEL, J.K. Prevalence of endo (trematodes) and ecto-parasites in cows and buffaloes of Quetta, Pakistan. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2008, 28(1), 34.

KASSAI, T., 1999. Veterinary Helminthology Butterworth. Heinemann, Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP, 225, p.260.

KEYYU, J.D., et al. Epidemiology of Fasciola gigantica and amphistomes in cattle on traditional, small-scale dairy and large-scale dairy farms in the southern highlands of Tanzania. Tropical animal health and Production. 2005, 37(4), 303-314. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11250-005-5688-7

KHAN, U.J., et al. Epidemiological studies of paramphistomosis in cattle. Veterinarski Arhiv. 2008, 78(3), 243-251.

KHAN, U.J., et al. Epidemiology of paramphistomiasis in buffaloes under different managemental conditions at four districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2006, 7, 68-72.

KOTRLÁ, B. AND KOTRLÝ, A. The incidence of flukes of the genus Paramphistomum in Czechoslovakia. Veterinární Medicína. 1982, 27(8), 483-490.

MAQBOOL, A., et al. Prevalence and ecology of Lymnaea snails in Punjab. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Research. 2003, 4(2), 132.

MORAKOT, K. and WONGSAMEE, S. A preliminary survey of gastrointestinal and haemoparasites of beef cattle in the tropical livestock farming system in Nan Province, northern Thailand. Parasitology Research. 2006, 99(3), 306-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-006-0148-5

PFUKENI, D.M., et al. Epidemiological studies of amphistome infections in cattle in the highveld and lowveld communal grazing areas of Zimbabwe. Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research. 2005, 72(1), 67-86. https://doi.org/10.4102/ojvr.v72i1.224

PHIRI, A.M., PHIRI, I.K. and MONRAD, J. Prevalence of amphistomiasis and its association with Fasciola gigantica infections in Zambian cattle from communal grazing areas. Journal of helminthology. 2006, 80(1), 65-68.

QURESHI, A.W., JAVED, B. and KHAN, L. Analysis of internal transcribed spacer1 (ITS1) region of rDNA for genetic characterization of Paramphistomum sp. Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences. 2021, 28(10), 5617-5620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.079

RAFIQ, N., et al. Molecular characterization of Paramphistomum cervi in buffaloes. Acta Scientiae Veterinariae. 2000, 48, 1-7. https://doi.org/10.22456/1679-9216.107107

RANGEL-RUIZ, L.J., ALBORES-BRAHMS, S.T. and GAMBOA-AGUILAR, J. Seasonal trends of Paramphistomum cervi in Tabasco, Mexico. Veterinary parasitology. 2003, 116(3), 217-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2003.07.002

RAZA, M.A., et al. Point prevalence of gastrointestinal helminthiasis in ruminants in southern Punjab, Pakistan. Journal of Helminthology. 2007, 81(3), 323-328. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x07818554

RAZA, M.A., et al. Prevalence of Paramphistomum cervi in ruminants slaughtered in district Muzaffar Garh. Pakistan Veterinary Journal. 2009, 29(4), 214-215.

ROLFE, P.F., et al. Epidemiology of paramphistomosis in cattle. International Journal for Parasitology. 1991, 21(7), 813-819.

SEVIMLI, F.K., et al. Paramphistomiasis and distomatosis in cattle in the Afyon province. Turkiye Parazitolojii Dergisi. 2005, 29(1), 43-46.

SHANILA, K.P. and HAFEEZ, M. Prevalence of paramphistomosis in cattle in chittoor district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Journal of Parasitic Disease, 2005, 29(1), 1-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ag.D-5014

SIVAJOTHI, S., REDDY, L.V. AND RAJU, K.S. Clinical and laboratory findings of Babesia infection in dogs. Journal of Parasitic Diseases. 2014, 2(40), 268-272. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-014-0491-x

SOULSBY, E.J.L., 1982. Helminths. Arthropods and Protozoa of domesticated animals, 291.

SZMIDT, A.V., et al. 2000. Prevalence of Paramphistomum daubneyi infection in cattle in central France. Veterinary Parasitology. 2000, 87(2-3), 133-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(99)00168-5

URQUHART, G.M., et al. Veterinary Parasitology, 2nd ed. Black well Science limited, London, UK, 1996.