Molecular analysis of the prevalence of Acinetobacter baumannii in hospitals and the surrounding environments: a cross-sectional study

Kerollyn  Fernandes Bernardes  Silva; Camila Botelho Miguel; Rony Rocha de Oliveira Júnior; Marcelo Costa Araujo; Ferdinando Agostinho; Carlos Ueira-Vieira; Javier Emilio Lazo-Chica; Wellington Rodrigues

doi:10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-63071

Authors

Kerollyn Fernandes Bernardes Silva Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2282-7063
Camila Botelho Miguel Centro Universitário de Mineiros
Rony Rocha de Oliveira Júnior Centro Universitário Atenas
Marcelo Costa Araujo Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
Ferdinando Agostinho Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro
Carlos Ueira-Vieira Universidade Federal de Uberlândia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8369-9069
Javier Emilio Lazo-Chica Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1950-1895
Wellington Rodrigues Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v39n0a2023-63071

Keywords:

Acinetobacter baumannii, Environment, Hospital Infection, Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Abstract

Acinetobacter baumannii is widely recognized in clinical environments due to its infectious capacity, antimicrobial adaptability, and lethality. Analyzing the prevalence of this agent in intra- and extra-hospital environments may reveal target indicators for appropriate management interventions. In this observational cross-sectional study, we evaluated the prevalence of A. baumannii within hospitals with intensive care units and in their external surroundings in a macro-health region of Brazil. Samples of Columba livia (pigeon) droppings from the external environment of four hospitals (n = 40), from floor surfaces (n = 20), and door handles (n = 20) of different hospital wards were collected based on random sampling, all of which were evaluated for the presence of A. baumannii using polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The sensitivity and specificity of the technique was verified after the collected samples were contaminated with clinical samples positive for A. baumannii. We detected a significantly higher A. baumannii prevalence (87.50%, CI = 71.29–100.00) in samples collected within the hospital environment compared with those obtained from the external environment (12.50%, CI = 0.00–28. 71) (p = 0.003). In addition, samples collected from floor surfaces contained bacterial densities (181.3 ± 11.58) that exceeded those in environmental (93.32 ± 1.56) and door handle (142.70 ± 17.14) samples by 94% and 78.71%, respectively. The findings of this study will enhance our understanding of the spatial distribution of A. baumannii and additionally, validate the efficiency of PCR for diagnosis of this infectious agent.

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