Evaluation of postharvest age and dormancy-breaking methods on Echinochloa crus-galli seed germination

Alexandre Pisoni; Giliardi Dalazen; Mateus Gallon; Catarine Markus; Aldo Merotto Jr

doi:10.14393/BJ-v40n0a2024-62804

Authors

Alexandre Pisoni SLC Agrícola S.A.
Giliardi Dalazen Universidade Estadual de Ponta Grossa https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2510-8264
Mateus Gallon Klabin S.A. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7915-2020
Catarine Markus Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul
Aldo Merotto Jr Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1581-0669

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v40n0a2024-62804

Keywords:

Barnyardgrass, Chemical scarification, Seed bank, Seed dormancy, Thermal scarification.

Abstract

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) is one of the most troublesome weeds in irrigated rice cultivation and has increasingly impacted rainfed crops due to the emergence of herbicide-resistant populations. Understanding its germination dynamics is crucial for developing and implementing effective management strategies. Additionally, since barnyardgrass research relies on growing plants from seeds, its dormancy characteristics are of particular interest. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of postharvest age on barnyardgrass seed germination and the effectiveness of different dormancy-breaking methods in susceptible and herbicide-resistant populations. Germination rate (G), germination speed index (GSI), and seed viability, assessed using the topographic tetrazolium test, were measured in seed lots with four different postharvest ages: two years, one year, two months, and one day postharvest. The seeds were subjected to 15 dormancy-breaking methods, including temperature variation and the use of solutions containing H₂SO₄, KNO₃, and GA₃. Seeds that were one or two years old showed germination rates exceeding 90%, regardless of the method used. In contrast, seeds aged two months or one day postharvest only germinated when exposed to 40°C for seven days, with G values of 25.2% and 5.9%, respectively. Both herbicide-susceptible and resistant barnyardgrass populations exhibited similar dormancy levels and responses to dormancy-breaking methods. The results indicate that newly harvested seeds have high dormancy levels, and specific methods are only partially effective in overcoming barnyardgrass seed dormancy.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

ABRANTES, F.L., MACHADO-NETO, N.B. and CUSTODIO, C.C. Seed moisture content can be used to accelerate dormancy release during after-ripening of Urochloa humidicola cv. Llanero spikelets. Ciência Rural. 2021, 51(1), e20200526. https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20200526

AGOSTINETTO, D. et al. Period prior to interference of barnyardgrass is modified due to the spraying of cyhalofop-butyl alone or associated with penoxsulam in paddy rice crop. Advances in Weed Science. 2021, 39, e021225214. https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00001

ALBORESI, A. et al. Nitrate, a signal relieving seed dormancy in Arabidopsis. Plant, Cell and Environment. 2005, 28(4), 500-512. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.2005.01292.x

AZANIA, A.A.P.M. et al. Métodos de superação de dormência em sementes de Ipomoea e Merremia. Planta Daninha. 2003, 21(2), 203-209.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582003000200005

BAJWA, A.A. et al. Eco-biology and management of Echinochloa crus-galli. Crop Protection. 2015, 75(1), 151-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cropro.2015.06.001

BASKIN, C.C. and BASKIN, J.M. Evolutionary considerations of claims for physical dormancy-break by microbial action and abrasion by soil particles. Seed Science Research. 2000, 10(4), 409-413. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0960258500000453

BRASIL. Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento. Regras para análise de sementes. Brasília: MAPA/ ACS, 2009. 395 p.

BURNSIDE, O.C. et al. Seed longevity of 41 weed species buried 17 years in Eastern and Western of Nebraska. Weed Science. 1996, 44(1), 74-86. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500093589

CLAY, S.A. et al. Growth and fecundity of several weed species in corn and soybean. Agronomy Journal. 2005, 97(1), 294-302. https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj2005.0294a

DALAZEN, G. et al. Degradation enhancement as the mechanism of resistance to imazethapyr in barnyardgrass. Planta Daninha. 2018, 36, e018179504. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582018360100119

DALAZEN, G. et al. Climate change scenarios increase the growth and resistance of barnyardgrass to imazethapyr. International Journal of Agriculture & Biology. 2020, 24(6), 1469-1478. https://doi.org/10.17957/IJAB/15.1584

DELATORRE, C. Dormência em sementes de arroz vermelho. Ciência Rural. 1999. 29(3), 565-571. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0103-84781999000300032

DI NOLA, L. and TAYLORSON, R.B. Brief high temperature exposure to release dormancy affects soluble and membrane-bound protein composition in Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv. seeds. Journal of Plant Physiology, 1989. 135(1), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0176-1617(89)80235-4

ELMORE, C.D. and PAUL, R.N. Composite list of C₄ weeds. Weed Science, 1983. 31(5), 686-692. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500070193

FOGLIATTO, S.; FERRERO, A. and VIDOTTO, F. How can weedy rice stand against abiotic stresses? a review. Agronomy, 2020. 10(9), 1284. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10091284

FOGLIATTO, S.; VIDOTTO, F. and FERRERO, A. Morphological characterization of Italian weedy rice (Oryza sativa) populations. Weed Research, 2012. 52(1), 60-69. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2011.00890.x

GIBSON, K.D. et al. Implications of delayed Echinochloa spp. germination and duration of competition for integrated weed management in water-seeded rice. Weed Research, 2002. 42(5), 351-358. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3180.2002.00295.x

GUBLER, F. et al. Regulation of dormancy in barley by blue light and after-ripening: effects on abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism. Plant Physiology, 2008. 147(2), 886–896. https://doi.org/10.1104/pp.107.115469

GUILLEMIN, J.P. et al. Assessing potential germination period of weeds with base temperatures and base water potentials. Weed Research, 2013. 53(1), 76-87. https://doi.org/10.1111/wre.12000

HEAP, I. The International Herbicide-Resistant Weed Database. Online. Friday, March 21, 2024. Available from: www.weedscience.org

IZYDORCZYK, C. et al. Spatiotemporal modulation of abscisic acid and gibberellin metabolism and signaling mediates the effects of suboptimal and supraoptimal temperatures on seed germination in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Plant, Cell and Environment, 2017. 41(5), 1022–1037. https://doi.org/10.1111/pce.12949

KOVACH, D.A., WIDRLECHNER, M.P. and BRENNER, D.M. Variation in seed dormancy in Echinochloa and the development of a standard protocol for germination testing. Seed Science and Technology, 2010. 38(13), 559-571. https://doi.org/10.15258/sst.2010.38.3.04

LIU, K. et al. Effect of diurnal fluctuating versus constant temperatures on germination of 445 species from the Eastern Tibet Plateau. PLoS ONE, 2013. 8(7), e69364. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0069364

LONGO, C. et al. From the outside to the inside: new insights on the main factors that guide seed dormancy and germination. Genes, 2021. 12(1), 52. https://doi.org/10.3390/genes12010052

MAGUIRE, J.D. Speed of germination-aid in selection and evaluation for seedling emergence and vigor. Crop Science, 1962. 2(1), 176-177. https://doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1962.0011183X000200020033x

MARCHESI, C. and SALDAIN, N.E. First report of herbicide-resistant Echinochloa crus-galli in uruguayan rice fields. Agronomy, 2019. 9(12), 790. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9120790

MARTINKOVA, Z., HONEK, A., and LUKAS, J. Seed age and storage conditions influence germination of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Weed Science, 2006. 54(02), 298–304. https://doi.org/10.1614/WS-05-005R.1

MATZENBACHER, F.O. et al. Distribution and analysis of the mechanisms of resistance of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) to imidazolinone and quinclorac herbicides‎. Journal of Agricultural Science, 2015. 153(6), 1044-1058. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0021859614000768

MATZENBACHER, F.O. et al. Rapid diagnosis of resistance to imidazolinone herbicides in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and control of resistant biotypes with alternative herbicides. Planta Daninha, 2013. 31(3), 645-656. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582013000300016

MCINTYRE, G.I. The role of nitrate in the osmotic and nutritional control of plant development. Australian Journal of Plant Physiology, 1997. 24(2), 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1071/PP96064

MIYAHARA, M. On dormancy of the seeds of Echinochloa crus-galli Beauv. var. oryzicola OHWI, a paddy field weed. Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly, 1974. 8(4), 194-198.

MOLLARD, F.P.O. and INSAUSTI, P. Breaking Setaria parviflora seed dormancy by nitrates and light is part of a mechanism that detects a drawdown period after flooding. Aquatic Botany, 2009. 91(1), 57-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2009.01.002

NAWROT-CHORABIK, K. et al. Stratification, scarification and application of phytohormones promote dormancy breaking and germination of pelleted scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) seeds. Forests, 2021. 12(5), 621. https://doi.org/10.3390/f12050621

OLATOYE, S.T. and HALL, M.A., 1973. Interaction of ethylene and light on dormant weed seeds. In: HEYDECKER, W., ed. Seed ecology, University Park: Pennsylvania State University, pp. 233-249.

PERALTA OGOREK, L., STRIKER, G.G., and MOLLARD, F.P.O. Echinochloa crus-galli seed physiological dormancy and germination responses to hypoxic floodwaters. Plant Biology, 2019. 21(6):1159-1166. https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.13029

PINTO, J.J.O. et al. Controle de capim-arroz (Echinochloa spp.) em função de métodos de manejo na cultura do arroz irrigado. Planta Daninha, 2008. 26(4), 767-777. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582008000400008

SILVEIRA, F.A.O. et al. Effect of seed storage on germination, seedling growth and survival of Mimosa foliolosa (Fabaceae): implications for seed banks and restoration ecology. Tropical Ecology, 2014. 55 (3), 385-392.

SADEGHLOO, A., ASGHARI, J., and GHADERI-FAR, F. Seed germination and seedling emergence of velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) and barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli). Planta Daninha, 2013. 31(2), 259-266. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-83582013000200003

SUNG, S.S., LEATHER, G.R., and HALE, M.G. Development and germination of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seeds. Weed Science, 1987. 35(2), 211-215. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500079078

TAYLORSON, R.B. and DI NOLA, L. Increased phytochrome responsiveness and a high-temperature transition in barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) seed dormancy. Weed Science, 1989. 37(3), 335-338. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0043174500072015

TIAN, Z. et al. Effects of Echinochloa crus-galli and Cyperus difformis on yield and eco-economic thresholds of rice. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2020. 259, 120807. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120807

TUAN, P.A. et al. Molecular mechanisms underlying abscisic acid/gibberellin balance in the control of seed dormancy and germination in cereals. Frontiers in Plant Science, 2018. 9, 668. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2018.00668

ULGUIM, A.R. et al. Status of weed control in imidazolinone-herbicide resistant rice in Rio Grande do Sul. Advances in Weed Science, 2021. 39, e237355, https://doi.org/10.51694/AdvWeedSci/2021;39:00007

VAN ACKER, R.C. Weed biology serves practical weed management. Weed Research, 2009. 49(1), 1-5.

https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3180.2008.00656.x

YANG, X. et al. Quantitative proteomics reveals ecological fitness cost of multi-herbicide resistant barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli L.). J. Proteome, 2017. 150(1), 160-169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprot.2016.09.009

YE, N. et al. Ascorbic acid and reactive oxygen species are involved in the inhibition of seed germination by abscisic acid in rice seeds. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2012. 63(5), 1809-1822. https://dx.doi.org/10.1093%2Fjxb%2Ferr336

ZHANG, C. et al. Genetic dissection of seed dormancy in rice (Oryza sativa L.) by using two mapping populations derived from common parents. Rice, 2020. 13, 52. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12284-020-00413-4