Functional performance, nutritional status and level of physical activity of elderly

Authors

  • Vivianne Ramos da Cunha Muniz Universidade Federal do Piauí https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8081-671X
  • Carla Cristina Carvalho Fonseca Meneses Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Cecília Resende Gonçalves de Carvalho Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Amanda Suellenn da Silva Santos Oliveira Universidade Federal do Piauí https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4234
  • Suzana Maria Rebelo Sampaio da Paz Universidade de São Paulo
  • Marcos David Figueiredo de Carvalho Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Carvalho Martins Universidade Federal do Piauí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4162-3744
  • Daniele Martins de Sousa Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Ana Lina de Carvalho Cunha Sales Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Guilherme Guarino de Moura Sá Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Vanessa Brito Lira de Carvalho Universidade Federal do Piauí
  • Geovanni de Morais Lima Universidade de São Paulo https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7681-6669
  • Maria do Carmo de Carvalho e Martins Universidade Federal do Piauí https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9107-2485

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-55177

Keywords:

Aged, Gait, Motor Activity, Muscle Strength, Nutritional Status.

Abstract

The elderly is a risk group for changes in health conditions and as well as in functional performance related to the decline in grip strength and reduced walking speed, which can compromise the performance of activities of daily living. Based on this, the objective was to analyze the factors associated with functional performance in the elderly. For that, a cross-sectional study was developed involving a group of 179 elderly people who received medical care at an outpatient clinic of the public health network. Muscle strength and gait speed were measured. Nutritional status was determined by Body Mass Index (BMI), calf circumference (CC), waist circumference (WC) and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR). Level of physical activity was measured by the adapted version of the Minnesota Leisure Activities Questionnaire. Low muscle strength was found in 20.7% of the elderly and slow gait in 20.1%. Increased risk of cardiovascular disease was found in 40.8% considering WC, and 35.2% by WHR. Most of the elderly had low weight and no loss of muscle mass. Loss of muscle strength was associated with sex and CC and gait speed were associated with sex, age, and presence of a partner (p < 0.05). The chance of loss of muscle strength and lower gait speed was higher in elderly women. Loss of muscle mass due to CC was associated with the chance of loss of strength, and the chance of reduced walking speed was greater among the elderly individuals aged 75 years and over.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

AINSWORTH, B.E., et al. Compendium of physical activities: an update of activity codes and MET intensities. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise. 2000, 32(9 Suppl.), S498-504. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-200009001-00009

BEZ, J.P.O. and NERI, A.L. Gait speed, grip strength and self-rated health among the elderly: data from the FIBRA Campinas network, São Paulo, Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2014, 19(8), 3343-3353. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232014198.09592013

BOHANNON, R.W., et al. Reference values for adult grip strength measured with a Jamar dynamometer: a descriptive meta-analysis. Physiotherapy. 2006, 92(1), 11-15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physio.2005.05.003

BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde (BR), Secretaria de Atenção à Saúde, Departamento de Atenção Básica. Guidelines for collection and analysis of anthropometric data in health services: technical standard system of food and nutrition surveillance – SISVAN. Brasília (DF): Ministério da Saúde; 2011. Available from: https://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/orientacoes_coleta_analise_dados_antropometricos.pdf

CHUMLEA, W.C., ROCHE, A.F. and STEINBAUGH, M.L. Estimating stature from knee height for persons 60 to 90 years of age. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 1985, 33(2), 116-120. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1985.tb02276.x

CHUMLEA, W.C. Is the MNA valid in different populations and across practice settings? The Journal of Nutrition, Health & Aging. 2006, 10(6), 524-7.

DALY, R.M., et al. Association between changes in habitual physical activity and changes in bone density, muscle strength, and functional performance in elderly men and women. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2008, 56(12), 2252-2260. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2008.02039.x

FARES, D., et al. Factors associated with nutritional status of the elderly in two regions of Brazil. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira. 2012, 58(4), 434-441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0104-42302012000400013

FERRUCCI, L., et al. Designing randomized, controlled trials aimed at preventing or delaying functional decline and disability in frail, older persons: a consensus report. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2004, 52(4), 625-634. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2004.52174.x

FRIED, L., et al. Untangling the concepts of disability, frailty and comorbidity: implications for improved targeting and care. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2004, 59(3), 255-263. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/59.3.m255

FRIED, L.P., et al. Frailty in older adults: evidence for phenotype. The Journals of Gerontology. Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences. 2001, 56(3), 164-56. https://doi.org/10.1093/gerona/56.3.m146

GÓMEZ-CABELLO, A., et al. Aging and body composition: the sarcopenic obesity in Spain. Nutrición hospitalaria. 2012, 27(1), 22-30. https://doi.org/10.1590/S0212-16112012000100004

GURALNIK, J.M., et al. A short physical performance battery assessing lower extremity function: association with self reported disability and prediction of mortality and nursing home admission. Journal of gerontology. 1994, 49(2), 85-94. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/49.2.m85

HAJJAR, R.R., KAMEL, H.K. and DENSON, K. Malnutrition in aging. The Internet Journal of Geriatrics and Gerontology. 2003, 1(1).

INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY AND STATISTICS. Projeções da população: Brasil e unidades da federação: revisão 2018 / IBGE, Coordenação de População e Indicadores Sociais. 2th. Rio de Janeiro: IBGE, 2018. Available from: https://biblioteca.ibge.gov.br/visualizacao/livros/liv101597.pdf

LEAN, M.E., HAN, T.S. and MORRISON, C.E. Waist circumference as a measure for indicating need for weight management. BMJ (Clinical research ed.). 1996, 311(6998), 158-161. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.311.6998.158

LEBRÃO, M.L. and LAURENTI, R. Health, well-being and aging: the SABE study in São Paulo, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia. 2005, 8(2), 127-141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1415-790X2005000200005

LENARDT, M.H., et al. Factors Associated With Loss of Handgrip Strength in Long-Lived Elderly. Revista da Escola de Enfermagem da USP. 2014, 48(6), 1006-12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0080-623420140000700007

LENARDT, M.H., et al. Gait speed and occurrence of falls in the long-lived elderly. Revista Mineira de Enfermagem. 2019, 23(e-1190). http://www.dx.doi.org/10.5935/1415-2762.20190038

LUSTOSA, L., et al. Translation, cross-cultural adaptation, and analysis of the psychometric properties of the Minnesota Physical Activity and Leisure Questionnaire. Belo Horizonte (MG): UFMG, 2010.

MALTAIS, M.L., DESROCHES, J. and DIONNE, I.J. Changes in muscle mass and strength after menopause. Journal of Musculoskeletal & Neuronal Interactions. 2009, 9(4), 186-197.

MARTIN, F.G., NEBULONI, C.C. and NAJAS, M.S. Correlation between nutritional status and hand grip strength in elderly. Revista Brasileira de Geriatria e Gerontologia. 2012, 15(3), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1590/S1809-98232012000300010

MENDES, J., et al. Association of Anthropometric and Nutrition Status Indicators with Hand Grip Strength and Gait Speed in Older Adults. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition. 2018, 43(3), 347-356. https://doi.org/10.1002/jpen.1424

MENZ, H.B., LORD, S.R. and FITZPATRICK, R.C. Age-related Differences in Walking Stability. Age and ageing. 2003, 32(2), 137-142. http://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/32.2.137

MORETTO, M.C., et al. Relação entre estado nutricional e fragilidade em idosos brasileiros. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Clínica Médica. 2012, 10(4), 267-271.

NAKANO, M.M. Versão brasileira da Short Physical Performance Battery SPPB: adaptação cultural e estudo da confiabilidade. 2007. 63 f. Dissertação de Mestrado. Campinas: Universidade Estadual de Campinas, 2007.

OSOBA, M.Y., et al. Balance and gait in the elderly: A contemporary review. Laryngoscope Investigative Otolaryngology. 2019, 4(1), 143-153. http://doi.org/10.1002/lio2.252.

PAN AMERICAN HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Chronic-degenerative illnesses and obesity: world-wide strategy on healthful feeding, physical activity and health. Brasília: OPAS, 2003. Available from: http://bvsms.saude.gov.br/bvs/publicacoes/doenca_cronico_degenerativas_obesidade_estrategia_mundial_alimentacao_atividade_fisica.pdf

PAPA, E.V., DONG, X. and HASSAN, M. Resistance training for activity limitations in older adults with skeletal muscle function deficits: a systematic review. Clinical Interventions in Aging. 2017, 12, 955-961. http://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S104674

PÉREZ-ZEPEDA, M.U., et al. Risk factors for slow gait speed: a nested case-control secondary analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. The Journal of Frailty & Aging. 2015, 4(3), 139-143. http://doi.org/10.14283/jfa.2015.63

PINTO, J.M. and NERI, A.L. Chronic diseases, functional ability, social involvement and satisfaction in community-dwelling elderly: the Fibra study. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, 2013, 18(12), 3449-3460. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232013001200002

PIRKER, W. and KATZENSCHLAGER, R. Gait disorders in adults and the elderly: A clinical guide. Wiener klinische Wochenschrift. 2017, 129(3-4), 81-95. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00508-016-1096-4

PONTI, F., et al. Aging and Imaging Assessment of Body Composition: From Fat to Facts. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2020, 10, 861. http://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2019.00861

RAJU, M.S.V.K. Population Ageing and the Elderly. Indian journal of psychiatry. 2018, 60(Suppl 3), S295. http://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.224466

RUGGERO, C.R., et al. Gait speed correlates in a multiracial population of community-dwelling older adults living in Brazil: a cross-sectional population-based study. BMC Public Health, 2013, 13, 182. http://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-182.

SEENE, T. and KAASIK, P. Muscle weakness in the elderly: role of sarcopenia, dynapenia, and possibilities for rehabilitation. European Review of Aging and Physical Activity. 2012, 9, 109–117. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11556-012-0102-8

SOARES, L.D.A., et al. Análise do Desempenho Motor associado ao Estado Nutricional de Idosos cadastrados no Programa Saúde da Família, no município de Vitória de Santo Antão-PE. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva. 2012, 17(5), 1297-1304. http://doi.org/10.1590/S1413-81232012000500023

STREICHER, M., et al. Determinants of Incident Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A MaNuEL Multicohort Meta-Analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. 2018, 66(12), 2335-2343. http://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15553

TAYLOR, H.L., et al. A questionnaire for the assessment of leisure time physical activities. Journal of Chronic Diseases. 1978, 31(12), 741-755. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(78)90058-9

VOLAKLIS, K.A., HALLE, M. and MEISINGER, C. Muscular strength as a strong predictor of mortality: A narrative review. European Journal of Internal Medicine., 2015, 26(5), 303-10. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejim.2015.04.013

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Global strategy and action plan on ageing and health. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2017.

WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION. Physical status: the use and interpretation of anthropometry. Geneva (SWZ): WHO, 1995.

Downloads

Published

2022-08-12

How to Cite

RAMOS DA CUNHA MUNIZ, V., CARVALHO FONSECA MENESES, C.C., RESENDE GONÇALVES DE CARVALHO, C., DA SILVA SANTOS OLIVEIRA, A.S., REBELO SAMPAIO DA PAZ, S.M., FIGUEIREDO DE CARVALHO, M.D., CARVALHO MARTINS, M. do P.S., MARTINS DE SOUSA, D., DE CARVALHO CUNHA SALES, A.L., GUARINO DE MOURA SÁ, G., BRITO LIRA DE CARVALHO, V., DE MORAIS LIMA, G. and DE CARVALHO E MARTINS, M. do C., 2022. Functional performance, nutritional status and level of physical activity of elderly. Bioscience Journal [online], vol. 38, pp. e38044. [Accessed21 November 2024]. DOI 10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-55177. Available from: https://seer.ufu.br/index.php/biosciencejournal/article/view/55177.

Issue

Section

Health Sciences