Efficacy of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by Pectobacterium aroidearum in lettuce

Karol Alves Barroso; Xênia  Bastos de Oliveira; Márcia Ferreira Queiroz; Camila de Oliveira Almeida; Vitor Prates Lorenzo; Flávia Cartaxo Ramalho Vilar; Cristiane Domingos da Paz; Ana Rosa Peixoto

doi:10.14393/BJ-v37n0a2021-54179

Authors

Karol Alves Barroso Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3109-4380
Xênia Bastos de Oliveira Universidade Estadual da Bahia
Márcia Ferreira Queiroz Universidade Federal de Viçosa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8637-6863
Camila de Oliveira Almeida Universidade Estadual da Bahia
Vitor Prates Lorenzo Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano
Flávia Cartaxo Ramalho Vilar Instituto Federal do Sertão Pernambucano
Cristiane Domingos da Paz Universidade Estadual da Bahia
Ana Rosa Peixoto Universidade Estadual da Bahia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7807-4171

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v37n0a2021-54179

Keywords:

Alternative control, Curative control, Essential oil of sage, Lactuca sativa, Preventive control.

Abstract

Lettuce is susceptible to several diseases, especially soft rot caused by bacteria of the genus Pectobacterium. Due to the adaptability of this pathogen and the lack of disease control registered for the crop, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of essential oils in the management of soft rot caused by P. aroidearum in lettuce. The study was developed at the Universidade do Estado da Bahia, Juazeiro, BA, Brazil, and the essential oils (EOs) of orange, bergamot, lemongrass, palmarosa, citronella, cloves, tea tree, rosemary, sage, and ginger were used in concentrations of 0.25; 0.5; 0.75 and 1.0% to assess the in vitro growth inhibition of the bacterium. Subsequently, the curative effects of the disease were evaluated by applying the EOs that obtained the best results in vitro in lettuce plants of the susceptible variety “Mônica”. The treatments were applied, via spraying, 12 hours after inoculation using the bite method with bacterial suspension. The best in vivo treatment was selected to assess its preventive and curative activity, as well as to find the ideal concentration for reducing epidemiological variables and chromatographic characterization. The EOs of palmarosa, sage, citronella, lemongrass, and cloves (0.25%), and that of sage (0.75%), inhibited bacterial growth in vitro. The EO of salvia showed the best results in vivo, inhibiting the growth of the disease in concentrations of 0.50 and 0.75%, so it was selected for the preventive and curative control tests alone. The preventive treatment was not efficient for the management of soft rot in lettuce, however, from the regression analysis, a concentration of 0.64% of the salvia EO was found as a potential for curative control of this bacteriosis, as it reduces the incidence and severity of the disease. Linalyl acetate and linalool were found in higher concentrations in the chromatographic analysis. These components, probably, conferred the bactericidal capacity of the EO of sage, being potential for the use in the control of P. aroidearum in lettuce.

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