Biological activities and phytochemical screening of leaf extracts from Zanthoxylum caribaeum L. (Rutaceae)

Juliete Gomes de Lara de Souza; Fabiana Gisele da Silva Pinto; Adrieli Gorlin Toledo; Luis Francisco Angeli Alves; Dejane Santos Alves

doi:10.14393/BJ-v36n1a2020-48051

Authors

Juliete Gomes de Lara de Souza Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Fabiana Gisele da Silva Pinto Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Adrieli Gorlin Toledo Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Luis Francisco Angeli Alves Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná
Dejane Santos Alves Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v36n1a2020-48051

Keywords:

Antimicrobial activity, Antioxidant activity, Acaricidal activity, Poultry red mite, Salmonella enterica

Abstract

The Brazilian flora is known for its vast biodiversity; however, many species have been still little studied regarding to their chemical composition and biological potential. Thus, this study aimed to determine the antimicrobial, antioxidant and acaricidal activity of the extracts of leaves of Zanthoxylum caribaeum L. In addition, phytochemical screening of these extracts was carried out to determine the main classes of secondary metabolites present in Z. caribaeum. Using the Z. caribaeum leaves, the aqueous extract and extracts were obtained in organic solvents (ethanol, methanol, hexane, acetone, dichloromethane and ethyl acetate). The antimicrobial activity of extracts was determined by broth microdilution method, and to detect antioxidant activity the method of capturing the free radical 2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazyl (DPPH) was used. The acaricidal activity of the extracts was tested on Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer) (Acari: Dermanissidae). Ethanolic and methanolic extracts presented antimicrobial activity for most of the bacterial strains tested, as well as for yeast Candida albicans. The ethanolic extract presented high free radical sequestration potential (71.2%) and antioxidant capacity (the lowest IC₅₀ value - 24.39 μg mL^-1). The extracts obtained with methanol and acetone were the most promising. In general, phytochemical screening indicated the presence of steroids, flavanones, flavones, flavonols, saponins, tannins, triterpenoids and xanthones.