Genetic divergence of strawberry cultivars under different managements

Abstract

Developing strawberry cultivars that can be grown on a large scale, it is necessary to gather desirable characteristics such as: tolerance to Tetranychus urticae, high fruit yield and wide adaptability to several cropping managements. Therefore, our objective was to study the genetic diversity among 13 strawberry cultivars under different managements and to recommend promising crosses to obtain segreganting populations with high fruit yield and T. urticae tolerance. Trial was performed under field conditions at the Centro Regional de Desenvolvimento Rural Centro Serrano of the Instituto Capixaba for Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Incaper), Domingos Martins-ES. We evaluated strawberry cultivars Albion, Aleluia, Aromas, Camarosa, Camino Real, Campinas, Diamante, Dover, Festival, Seascape, Toyonoka, Tudla, and Ventana, cultivated in three cropping managements: open field, low tunnel and high tunnel. Experimental design was randomized complete blocks with three replications. Variables evaluated were: number of two-spotted spider mite/cm² on the leaf (NTSSM), total number of fruits (TNF), number of commercial fruits (NCF) and fruit yield (YIE, t/ha). We applied the generalized Mahalanobis distance and Tocher's optimization method to study the genetic diversity among cultivars in each management, and the relative contribution of traits to genetic diversity was evaluated according to the criterion described by Singh (1981). For the low tunnel and high tunnel environments, the crosses Aleluia x Camarosa, Aleluia x Aromas and Aleluia x Festival are the most promising to generate segregating populations with a higher possibility to appearance transgressive individuals, while for the open field cultivation system, we recommend the cross among Aleluia x Toynoka. The variables that most contributed for genetic dissimilarity were total number of fruits, fruit yield and number of commercial fruits for the environments open field, low tunnel and high tunnel, respectively.