GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS OF MALARIA VECTOR RECEPTIVITY IN A LOW-ENDEMIC AREA OF THE BRAZILIAN AMAZON: A TERRITORY-BASED APPROACH TO SURVEILLANCE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/Hygeia2279883Palavras-chave:
Malaria, Health Geography, Health surveillance, Spatial epidemiology, Vector ecologyResumo
Malaria remains a significant public health challenge in Brazil, particularly in regions with environmental conditions that favor vector proliferation. Although transmission is concentrated in the Amazon, historically vulnerable areas outside this region, such as parts of Maranhão, still present ecological and epidemiological characteristics that warrant attention. This study aimed to demonstrate how geospatial modeling based on environmental and geomorphological variables can help identify areas with higher malaria receptivity in low-incidence settings. Using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), environmental layers were weighted to create a composite index reflecting the relative influence of each factor on malaria receptivity. By integrating multiple layers of information through this structured decision-making approach, the proposed model supports entomological surveillance and land-use planning for disease control. The findings highlight the value of territorial approaches for understanding vector ecology and anticipating risks in favorable environments. Autocorrelation analyses, including Global Moran’s I and Cross Moran’s I, confirmed significant associations between the receptivity index and malaria incidence, supporting the ecological consistency of the model. Even without current cases, favorable environmental conditions may sustain receptivity and pose a potential threat for malaria reintroduction.
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