Avaliação da idade pós-colheita e de métodos de superação de dormência sobre a germinação de Echinochloa crus-galli
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v40n0a2024-62804Palavras-chave:
Capim-arroz, Manejo integrado de plantas daninhas, Banco de sementes, Dormência de sementes, Plantas daninhasResumo
O capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli) é uma das plantas daninhas mais problemáticas em arroz irrigado. Ela também tem sido importante em cultivos de sequeiro devido a ocorrência de populações resistentes a herbicidas. O entendimento da sua dinâmica de germinação é fundamental para que medidas adequadas de manejo sejam aplicadas. Além disso, uma vez que a realização de pesquisas com capim-arroz depende da obtenção de plantas a partir de sementes, suas características de dormência são de particular interesse. Objetivou-se com este estudo avaliar a influência da idade pós-colheita sobre a germinação de sementes de capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli) e a eficiência de diferentes métodos de superação da dormência em populações suscetíveis e resistentes a herbicidas. Foram avaliados a porcentagem de germinação (G), o índice de velocidade de germinação (IVG) e a viabilidade das sementes pelo teste topográfico de tetrazolio em lotes de sementes com quatro diferentes idades pós-colheita (dois anos, um ano, dois meses e um dia pós-colheita) submetidas a 15 métodos de superação da dormência. Os métodos de superação de dormência incluíram a variação de temperatura e a utilização de soluções contendo H2SO4, KNO3 e ácido giberélico (GA3). Sementes de um ano e dois anos apresentam germinação superior a 90%, independente da utilização de algum método de superação de dormência. No entanto, as sementes com dois meses ou um dia de idade pós-colheita germinaram apenas quando submetidas a temperatura de 40 oC durante sete dias, com germinação de 25,2 e 5,9%, respectivamente. As populações de capim-arroz suscetíveis e resistentes a herbicidas apresentaram semelhantes dormência e resposta aos métodos de superação de dormência. Sementes recém colhidas apresentam altos níveis de dormência, sendo que métodos específicos são parcialmente eficazes na superação da dormência das sementes de capim-arroz.
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Copyright (c) 2024 Alexandre Pisoni, Giliardi Dalazen, Mateus Gallon, Catarine Markus, Aldo Merotto Jr
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