Optimization of soybean yield in ultisols through adaptive varieties screening and plant growth promoting Rhizobacter
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/BJ-v38n0a2022-57214Palavras-chave:
Acid Soils, Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria, Phosphate Solubilizing Bacteria, Screening, Soybean Varieties.Resumo
Esta investigação teve como objectivo obter variedades de soja adaptáveis a solos ácidos e obter isolados de Rizobactérias Promotoras do Crescimento de Plantas (PGPR) que possam melhorar as características agronómicas e aumentar a fertilidade do ultisol. Esta investigação foi realizada na aldeia de Sampali, sub-distrito de Percut Sei Tuan, distrito de Deli Serdang, província de Sumatra Norte, Indonésia, de Agosto de 2019 até Março de 2020. Foi uma investigação em duas fases. A primeira fase (rastreio de variedades adaptativas) utilizando o desenho de blocos aleatórios não-factoriais com as variedades de Argomulyo, Wilis, Kaba, Dena 1, Devon 1, Dega 1, Demas 1, Burangrang, Detam 1, e Kipas Merah. A segunda fase (aplicação de PGPR isola individualmente e em combinações) utilizando o factorial de desenho de blocos aleatórios, o primeiro factor de aplicação único e a combinação de isolados PGPR, o segundo factor de variedades adaptativas incluindo Detam 1 e Wilis. Os dados foram analisados com ANOVA e seguidos por DMRT nível 5% utilizando o software SAS 9.4 e análise de correlação. Os resultados mostraram que as variedades Detam 1 e Wilis tinham o maior rendimento por planta e significativamente de 14.73 g e 14.54 g, respectivamente, em comparação com outras variedades. As aplicações de uma única e combinação de PGPR isolados aumentaram significativamente o número de ramos, diâmetro do caule, altura da planta, rendimento por planta, pH do solo, C-orgânico, P-disponível, e N-total e diminuíram o solo C/N em comparação com a população não tratada. A variedade Detam 1 teve o maior rendimento por planta em comparação com a variedade Wilis. A interacção das variedades adaptativas com os isolados PGPR não tinha afectado significativamente as características agronómicas da soja e a fertilidade do ultisol. A combinação de isolados de Rhizobium leguminosarium+Rhizobium sp2+Bacillus sp+Burkholderia sp para as variedades Detam 1 e Wilis pode ser recomendada para apoiar o crescimento e a produção de soja em solo ácido, pois causou o maior aumento no número de ramos, altura da planta, diâmetro do caule, e produção por planta em 97.81%; 27,87%; 33.85%; e 106.72% respectivamente e aumentou a fertilidade do ultisol.
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