Prevalence of oral diseases and the assessment of the simplified oral hygiene, decayed-missing-filling and community periodontal indices among inmates of the russian federation

Abstract

To investigate the prevalence of oral diseases and to assess the simplified oral hygiene (OHI-S) index, the decayed-missing-filled teeth (DMFT) index and the community periodontal index (CPI) among inmates incarcerated in the Russian Federation. The sample consisted of 175 male and 130 female inmates serving sentences at corrective colonies in the region of Kirov, Russia. Information about level of education, time of incarceration and general health status were collected via personal interviews. Additionally, the inmates underwent extra- and intraoral exams in the search for clinically detectable lesions and oral diseases. A quantitative analysis of the oral health was established through the assessment of OHI-S, DMFT and CPI indices. These indices were statistically tested for their association with inmates’ time of incarceration and level of education. Complete dentition, partial tooth loss and edentulism were observed in 10.5%, 81.9% and 7.5% of the sample. Dental caries (92.4%), periodontal diseases (55.7% periodontitis and 33.1% gingivitis), diseases of pulp and periapical tissue (87.9%) were the most prevalent findings. The most prevalent disease in the oral mucosa was the cheilitis (64.9%) followed by glossitis (21.9%) and palatal nicotinic leukokeratosis (28.8%). OHI-S and DMFT indices showed strong positive association with time of incarceration and level of education. Higher index scores were observed in inmates in prison for a longer time and with a lower level of education (p=0.001). These outcomes highlight the need for promoting oral health care policies to inmates incarcerated in prisons of the Russian Federation.