Objetividade e Subjetividade nas Ciências Jurídicas e Sociais

Durkheim e Weber

Abstract

The birth of social sciences in the nineteenth century was marked by the reflection on the specific method that these sciences should conform, at the same time by the concern to give the autonomous meaning of causal relationships between social facts in relation to natural facts. Durkheim intended, writing The rules of sociological method, to found the sociology as a science, providing it a proper sociological method, so that it could gain independence and objectivity in relation to philosophy and to political discussion on social issues. The methodological formulations of Weber on social sciences are scattered in various parts of his articles and his works, but we cannot deny that he had developed an original method, the comprehensive approach, which responded to the demands of his more general ideas, as the interpretation of the history of bureaucracy and rationality in Western culture. We expose the methodological thought of Durkeim, after of Weber's, and we conclude with a comparative balance between the views of these classical authors, fundamental to understanding the methodology of legal and social sciences. Keywords: legal and social sciences, methodology of social science, sociological method, comprehensive method.