Resumen
As inovações propiciadas pelas FinTechs estão se consolidando como principal agente transformador dos serviços financeiros, pois a tecnologia proporcionada por tais negócios promove a ampliação do acesso aos diversos produtos deste segmento, estimula o emprego, a renda e o crescimento econômico. Mas, ainda que tais startups estejam interessadas no sucesso de seus negócios, muitas falham e tornam-se insolventes. Perante esta realidade, compreender os fatores que contribuem para a mortalidade destas organizações é uma questão importante para fundadores, instituições financiadoras ou formuladores de políticas públicas, visto que antecipar uma situação de risco é fundamental para desencadear ações preventivas ou alternativas que reduzam o custo de uma inevitável insolvência. Este estudo analisou por meio de um modelo de regressão com dados em painel dinâmico, a relação entre os fatores macroeconômicos e a taxa agregada de falência das FinTechs dos dez maiores países em número total de startups segundo o site Startup Ranking (2022): Estados Unidos, Reino Unido, Canadá, Austrália, Índia, Alemanha, França, Brasil, Espanha e Indonésia, para o período compreendido entre 2010 e 2020. A amostra é composta por 9.970 FinTechs que declararam falência e 137.993 FinTechs ativas, totalizando 147.963 FinTechs. Os resultados demonstraram que as atividades do mercado de ações, a taxa de desemprego, a taxa de abertura de novas FinTechs, o índice de percepção da corrupção e a qualidade das regulamentações são determinantes da falência agregada das FinTechs e sugerem que fatores macroeconômicos podem influenciar o nível de insolvência dos países desenvolvidos de forma diferente dos países emergentes.
Referencias
Afonso, A. & Rodrigues, E. S. F. L. (2021) Corruption and economic growth: does the size of the government matter? Economic Change and Restructuring, 55, 543-576.
Ali, H. & Aysan, A. F. (2025) Macroeconomic asymmetries and their influence on fintech ecosystem growth: A global and regional perspective. The Journal of Economic Asymmetries, 31, e00399.
Almeida, J. G. de, Santos, E. J. R., Ferreira, J. A., & Albuquerque, C. P. (2013). Desemprego e empreendedorismo: da ambiguidade da relação conceitual à eficácia das práticas de intervenção social. Plural, 20(1), 31‑56.
Altman, E. I. (1983). Why businesses fail. Journal of Business Strategy, 3(4), 15-21.
Amboage, G. B., Monteiro, G. F. A., & Bortoluzzo, A. B. (2024). Technological adoption: the case of PIX in Brazil. Innovation & Management Review, 21(3), 198–211.
Anghel, I., Enache, C. & Merino, F. (2020). Macroeconomic determinants of corporate failures. Evidence from Romania and Spain. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 21(1), 743-759.
Arellano, M. & Bond, S. (1991). Some tests of specification for panel data: Monte Carlo evidence and an application to employment equations. The Review of Economic Studies, 58(2), 277-97.
Baker, W. E. & Faulkner, R. R. (2006). Diffusion of fraud: intermediate economic crime and investor dynamics. Criminology, 41(4), 1173-1206.
Barile, M. G., & Bortoluzzo, A. B. (2020). The impact of M&A experience on performance: An empirical analysis of the Brazilian case. International Journal of Business & Management Studies, 1(3), 48-60.
Borini, F. M. & Grisi, F. C. (2009). A corrupção no ambiente de negócios: survey com as micros e pequenas empresas da cidade de São Paulo. Revista de Administração - RAUSP, 44(2), 102-117.
Bortoluzzo, A. B., Bortoluzzo, M. M., Rodriguez, R. Z. & Monteiro, G. F. A. (2022). Relação entre taxa de falências de empresas brasileiras e variáveis macroeconômicas no período de 2010 a 2020: um estudo econométrico utilizando vetores autorregressivos. Gestão & Regionalidade, 38(113), 345-363.
Bortoluzzo, A. B., Ciganda, R. R., & Bortoluzzo, M. M. (2024). Determinant factors of banking profitability: an application of quantile regression for panel data. Future Business Journal, 10, 56.
Blundell, R. & Bond, S. (1998). Initial conditions and moment restrictions in dynamic panel data models. Journal of Econometrics, 87, 115-143.
Carbó-Valverde, S., Cuadros-Solas, P. J. & Rodríguez-Fernández, F. (2022). Entrepreneurial, institutional and financial strategies for FinTech profitability. Financial Innovation, 8, 15.
Carreiro, P. L. (2017). Atos de corrupção como comportamento de escolha: estudos experimentais sobre os efeitos da magnitude e da probabilidade da punição em humanos. Tese de Doutorado, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, DF.
Contador, C. R. (1985). Insolvência de empresas e política macroeconómica. Revista de Administração da Universidade de São Paulo, 20(2).
Couto, M. H. G. (2019). Análise do ciclo de vida das startups: características, agentes e riscos associados. Dissertação de Mestrado, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
Cumming, D. J. & Schwienbacher, A. (2016). Fintech venture capital. Social Science Research Network, 40.
Dickey, D. A. & Fuller, W. A. (1981). Likelihood ratio statistics for autoregressive time series with a unit root. Econometrica, 49(4), 1057–1072.
Diener, F. & Spacek, M. (2021). Digital Transformation in Banking: A Managerial Perspective on Barriers to Change. Sustainability, 13(4), 2032.
Dushnitsky, G., Guerini, M., Piva, E. & Rossi-Lamastra, C. (2016). Crowdfunding in Europe: determinants of platform creation across countries. California Management Review, 58(2), 44-71.
Engle, P.L. & Black, M.M. (2008). The effect of poverty on child development and educational outcomes. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1136(1), 243-256.
Fritsch, M. (2011). The effect of new business formation on regional employment: empirical evidence, interpretation, and avenues for further research. Entrepreneurship and Regional Development, 4, 360.
Garcia, F. O. G., Crescente, F. & Sarabia, M. (2020). Macroeconomic and institutional drivers of early failure among self-employed entrepreneurs: an analysis of the euro zone. Economic Research – Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 33(1), 1830-1848.
Giaquinto, L. H. & Bortoluzzo, A. B. (2020). Angel investors, seed-stage investors and founders influence on FinTech funding: an emerging market context. Macroeconomics and Finance in Emerging Market Economies, 13(3), 276-294.
Global Entrepreneurship Monitor. (2022). GEM 2021/2022 Global Report: opportunity amid disruption. London Business School.
Gomber, P., Kauffman, R. J., Parker, C. & Weber, B. (2018). On the FinTech revolution: interpreting the forces of innovation, disruption, and transformation in financial services. Journal of Management Information Systems, 35(1), 220-265.
Haddad, C. & Hornuf, L. (2018). The emergence of the global fintech market: economic and technological determinants. Small Bus Econ, 53, 80-105.
Hansen, L. P. (1982). Large sample properties of Generalized Methods of Moments. Econometrica, 50(4), 1029–1054.
Hill, J. (2018). Fintech and the remaking of financial institutions. Londres: Academic Press, Elsevier, e-book.
Jabeur, S. B., Mefteh-Wali, S. & Carmona, P. (2021). The impact of institutional and macroeconomic conditions on aggregate business bankruptcy. Structural Change and Economic Dynamics, 59, 108-119.
Lee, S.-H., Peng, M. W. & Barney, J. B. (2007). Bankruptcy law and entrepreneurship development: a real options perspective. Academy of Management Review, 32(1), 257–272.
Lee, S.-H., Yamakawa, Y., Peng, M. K. & Barney, J. B. (2011). How do bankruptcy laws affect entrepreneurship development around the world? Journal of Business Venturing, 26(5), 505-520.
Liu, J. (2009). Business failures and macroeconomic factors in the UK. Bulletin of Economic Research, 61(1), 47-72.
Maheshwari, U., Priya, A. & Gupta, R. K. (2022). An analysis of the effect of widespread unemployment on corruption. Theoretical and Applied Economics, 29(4), 163-172.
Mikhaylov, A., Dinçer, H. & Yüksel, S. (2023). Analysis of financial development and open innovation oriented fintech potential for emerging economies using an integrated decision-making approach of MF-X-DMA and golden cut bipolar q-ROFSs. Financial Innovation, 9, 4.
Miller, T., Kim, A. B., Roberts, J. M. & Tyrrell, P. (2022). Highlights of the 2022 Index of Economic Freedom. The Heritage Foundation. https://www.heritage.org/index/download#
Minardi, A. M. A. F., & Bortoluzzo, A. B. (2021). Growth and Performance of Private Equity and Venture Capital Activity in Emerging Markets. Latin American Business Review, 23(1), 49–72.
Platt, H. D. & Platt, M. B. (1994). Business cycle effects on state corporate failure rates. Journal of Economics and Business, 46(2), 113-127.
Pulok, M. (2010). The impact of corruption on the economic development of Bangladesh: evidence on the basis of an extended Solow model. Stockholm University, 28755.
Rashid, S. A., Masron, T. A. & Malim, N. A. K. (2023). The effect of corruption on entrepreneurship in the presence of weak regulatory quality: Evidence from developing countries. Socio-Economic Planning Sciences, 86, 101476.
Salman K., Friedrichs Y. & Shukur G. (2009). Macroeconomic Factors and Swedish Small and Medium-sized Manufacturing Firm Failure. Centre of Excellence for Science and Innovation Studies, (185).
Sargan, J. D. (1958). The estimation of economic relationships using Instrumental Variables. Econometrica, 26(3), 393-415.
Sarikov, B. & Kuprianov, A. (2020). The effect of monetary policy on corporate bankruptcies: evidence from the United States. Applied Economics, 52(47), 5158-5168.
Shehzadi, I., Siddique, H. M. A. & Majeed, M. T. (2019). Impact of political instability on economic growth, poverty, and income inequality. Pakistan Business Review, 20(4), 825-839.
Startup Ranking. (2022). https://www.startupranking.com/countries.
Suhermawan, D., Mahjudin, M. & Soelistya, D. (2023). Impact of fundamental macroeconomic factors, cost efficiency, firms policies with systematic risk as mediator on islamic fintech welfare performance: Evidence from an indonesia’s islamic fintech institution. Journal of Managerial Sciences and Studies, 1(2), 1–11.
Sutton, S. M. (2000). The role of process in a software startup. IEEE Software, 17(4), 33–39.
Vieira, P. H. L. (2022). Análise econométrica da essencialidade das despesas com marketing na geração de receita, conceito de insumo e créditos de PIS e COFINS. Dissertação de Mestrado, Fundação Getúlio Vargas, São Paulo, SP.
Zhang, J., Bessler, D. A. & Leatham, D. J. (2013). Aggregate business failures and macroeconomic conditions: a VAR look at the US between 1980 and 2004. Journal of Applied Economics, 16(1), 179-202.
Zarrouk, H., El Ghak, T. & Bakhouche, A. (2021). Exploring economic and technological determinants of FinTech startups’ success and growth in the United Arab Emirates. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market and Complexity, 7(1).
Zavolokina, L., Dolata, M. & Schwabe, G. (2016). The FinTech phenomenon: antecedents of financial innovation perceived by the popular press. Financial Innovation, 2(16), 1-16.
Zikovic, I. T. (2016). Modelling the impact of macroeconomic variables on aggregate corporate insolvency: the case of Croatia. Economic Research – Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 29(1), 515-528.
Zhou, N. & Sun, R. (2024). Coping with the storm: The role of fintech in SME survival. International Review of Financial Analysis, 93, 103157.

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución-NoComercial-SinDerivadas 4.0.
Derechos de autor 2025 Management in Perspective
