PÂNTANOS ALIMENTARES E A DISPONIBILIDADE DE PRODUTOS ULTRAPROCESSADOS NO AMBIENTE ALIMENTAR DE VAREJO EM UMA CIDADE DE BAIXA RENDA NO BRASIL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14393/Hygeia2070485Palavras-chave:
Ambiente alimentar, Alimentos ultraprocessados, Pântanos alimentares, GeorreferenciamentoResumo
O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a formação de pântanos alimentares e a disponibilidade de alimentos ultraprocessados (AUP) em um município brasileiro de baixa renda. Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado em Rio Largo/AL entre 09/2017 e 10/2018. Os pontos de venda de alimentos (PVA) foram identificados por meio de auditoria em todas as ruas do município e classificados em saudáveis (S), mistos (M) e não saudáveis (NS). Utilizou-se o instrumento Nutrition Environment Measurement Survey for Stores (NEMS-S), adaptado e validado para o Brasil. Foram construídos mapas temáticos com a distribuição, a densidade (kernel) e a aglomeração (análise do vizinho mais próximo) dos diferentes PVA. Dos 574 comércios avaliados, 63% foram classificados como PVA-NS. Apesar do alto grau de espalhamento, os PVA-NS apresentaram maior grau de aglomeração espacial. Apesar da presença constante de PVA-NS, a maior disponibilidade de AUP ocorreu nos PVA-M, onde 45,6% destes tinham entre 75-100% dos itens do NEMS-S. Portanto, a análise do ambiente alimentar de varejo demonstrou que a cidade oferecia pouco suporte para escolhas alimentares saudáveis, dada a predominância de territórios caracterizados por pântanos alimentares. Ainda, identificamos elevada disponibilidade de AUP nos PVA , especialmente nos PVA-M.
Downloads
Referências
BACKES, V. et al. Food environment, income and obesity: a multilevel analysis of a reality of women in Southern Brazil. Cadernos de Saúde Pública, v. 35, p. e00144618, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00144618
BAKER, P. et al. Ultra‐processed foods and the nutrition transition: Global, regional and national trends, food systems transformations and political economy drivers. Obesity Reviews, v. 21, n. 12, p. e13126, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/obr.13126
BEAULAC, J.; KRISTJANSSON, E.; CUMMINS, S. Peer reviewed: A systematic review of food deserts, 1966-2007. Preventing chronic disease, v. 6, n. 3, 2009.
BERGER, N. et al. Disparities in trajectories of changes in the unhealthy food environment in New York City: a latent class growth analysis, 1990–2010. Social science & medicine, v. 234, p. 112362, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2019.112362
BRASIL. Ministério da Saúde (MS). Secretaria de Vigilância em Saúde (SVS). Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz). Introdução à Estatística Espacial para a Saúde Pública / Ministério da Saúde, Fiocruz; Simone M. Santos, Wayner V. Souza, organizadores. – Brasília: Ministério da Saúde, 2007.
BRIDLE-FITZPATRICK, S. Food deserts or food swamps?: A mixed-methods study of local food environments in a Mexican city. Social Science & Medicine, v. 142, p. 202-213, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2015.08.010
Câmara Interministerial de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (Caisan). Estudo técnico: mapeando desertos alimentares no Brasil. Brasília: Caisan, 2018. 60 p.
COBB, L. K. et al. The relationship of the local food environment with obesity: a systematic review of methods, study quality, and results. Obesity, v. 23, n. 7, p. 1331-1344, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1002/oby.21118
COOKSEY-STOWERS, K.; SCHWARTZ, M. B.; BROWNELL, K. D. Food swamps predict obesity rates better than food deserts in the United States. International journal of environmental research and public health, v. 14, n. 11, p. 1366, 2017. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111366
ESPINOZA, P. G. et al. Propuesta de un modelo conceptual para el estudio de los ambientes alimentarios en Chile. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, v. 41, p. e169, 2018. https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2017.52
FARLEY, T. A. et al. Measuring the food environment: shelf space of fruits, vegetables, and snack foods in stores. Journal of Urban Health, v. 86, p. 672-682, 2009. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11524-009-9390-3
GLANZ, K. et al. Healthy nutrition environments: concepts and measures. American journal of health promotion, v. 19, n. 5, p. 330-333, 2005. https://doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.5.330
GLANZ, K. et al. Nutrition Environment Measures Survey in stores (NEMS-S): development and evaluation. American journal of preventive medicine, v. 32, n. 4, p. 282-289, 2007. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2006.12.019
GRILO, M. F.; MENEZES, C.; DURAN, A. C. Food swamps in Campinas, Brazil. Ciência & Saúde Coletiva, v. 27, p. 2717-2728, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232022277.17772021en
HLPE. Nutrition and food systems. A report by the High Level Panel of Experts on Food Security and Nutrition of the Committee on World Food Security, Rome, 2017.
HONÓRIO, O. S. et al. Food deserts and food swamps in a Brazilian metropolis: comparison of methods to evaluate the community food environment in Belo Horizonte. Food Security, v. 14, n. 3, p. 695-707, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-021-01237-w
Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). Censo 2022. Disponível em: https://cidades.ibge.gov.br/brasil/al/rio-largo/panorama. Acesso em 23 de jul. de 2022.
JUSTINIANO, I. C. S. et al. Retail food environment in a Brazilian metropolis over the course of a decade: evidence of restricted availability of healthy foods. Public Health Nutrition, v. 25, n. 9, p. 2584-2592, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980022000787
LEITE, M. A. et al. Is neighbourhood social deprivation in a Brazilian city associated with the availability, variety, quality and price of food in supermarkets?. Public health nutrition, v. 22, n. 18, p. 3395-3404, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019002386
LEITE, M. A. et al. Inequities in the urban food environment of a Brazilian city. Food Security, v. 13, p. 539-549, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12571-020-01116-w
MARTINS, P. A. et al. Validation of an adapted version of the nutrition environment measurement tool for stores (NEMS-S) in an urban area of Brazil. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, v. 45, n. 6, p. 785-792, 2013. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.02.010
MACHADO, P. P. et al. Is food store type associated with the consumption of ultra-processed food and drink products in Brazil?. Public health nutrition, v. 21, n. 1, p. 201-209, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980017001410
MENDES, L. L. et al. Scientific research on food environments in Brazil: a scoping review. Public Health Nutrition, p. 1-22, 2023.
PAIM, J. et al. The Brazilian health system: history, advances, and challenges. The Lancet, v. 377, n. 9779, p. 1778-1797, 2011. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60054-8
PÉREZ-FERRER, C. et al. The food environment in Latin America: a systematic review with a focus on environments relevant to obesity and related chronic diseases. Public health nutrition, v. 22, n. 18, p. 3447-3464, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980019002891
PESSOA, M. C. et al. Food environment and fruit and vegetable intake in a urban population: a multilevel analysis. BMC public health, v. 15, p. 1-8, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-015-2277-1
PHILLIPS, A. Z.; RODRIGUEZ, H. P. Adults with diabetes residing in “food swamps” have higher hospitalization rates. Health services research, v. 54, p. 217-225, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1111/1475-6773.13102
STANTON, R. A. Food retailers and obesity.Current obesity reports, v. 4, p. 54-59, 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679-014-0137-4
SWINBURN, B. et al. INFORMAS (International Network for Food and Obesity/non‐communicable diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support): overview and key principles. Obesity reviews, v. 14, p. 1-12, 2013.
TURNER, C. et al. Food environment research in low-and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review. Advances in Nutrition, v. 11, n. 2, p. 387-397, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1093/advances/nmz031
VECTOR ANALYSIS QGIS DOCUMENTATION. Nearest neighbour analysis. Disponível em: https://docs.qgis.org/testing/en/docs/user_manual/processing_algs/qgis/vectoranalysis.html#nearest-neighbour-analysis. Acesso em 14 set. 2021.
WALKER, R. E. et al. How does food security impact residents of a food desert and a food oasis?. Journal of Hunger & Environmental Nutrition, v. 5, n. 4, p. 454-470, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1080/19320248.2010.530549
WILKINS, E. et al. A systematic review employing the GeoFERN framework to examine methods, reporting quality and associations between the retail food environment and obesity. Health & place, v. 57, p. 186-199, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthplace.2019.02.007
YANG, W. et al. Evaluation of personal and built environment attributes to physical activity: a multilevel analysis on multiple population-based data sources. Journal of obesity, v. 2012, 2012. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/548910