Revista Campo-Território

Far-right political forces in Brazil may push the Amazon to a tipping point

Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0300

The spatial distribution of votes for the 2022’s presidential election in Brazil overlaid with the range of the Brazilian biomes indicated a political division within these ecoregions. A high number of supporters to the far-right concentrated in the southern Amazon, while a concentration of votes for the center-left wing was observed in the most pristine region of the Brazilian Amazon and also in the Caatinga biome. In the Legal Amazon, there was a strong positive relation between the proportion of votes per municipality for the far-right former president Jair Bolsonaro and the total forest loss accumulated in the last 36 years prior to this election (1985-2021) in each municipality. This region with a historical high rate of deforestation also concentrates various crimes and practices that drive environmental and social impacts, such as land grabbing in public land, mining in indigenous territories, illegal logging in protected areas, expulsion of traditional populations and increased use of agro-chemicals and gun permits. The strengthening and continued convergence of these policies and practices may lead the Amazon to a tipping point, which prevents the recovery and maintenance of its ecosystem services, triggering irreversible environmental, social and economic impacts. Reversing this trend depends on measures and actions of the executive, legislative and judicial powers, in all three spheres (municipal, state and federal), and involves the election of local and regional political forces that represent counterpoints to the anti-socio-environmental agendas that are being strengthened in the current context.

Between “modernity” and “postmodernity”

Marcos Aurelio Saquet — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0300

This text is critical and denounces the disguises used academically and scientifically in discourses called “modern” and “postmodern,” which attempt to appear critical and valid for different times, spaces, and subjects. These narratives claim to be universal and global, and are usually centered on large and complex urban centers, neglecting differences and inequalities, desires and needs, ecosystems and ruralities, contributing to perpetuating North-Eurocentric and colonial approaches. Thus, there is an increasingly urgent need for theoretical and practical subversion, to build our own sciences and philosophies, decolonized, popular, and original, based on the singularities of each time and space, place, and territory, to meet the needs and dreams, in favor of preserving the lives of all.

Social innovation and “other” knowledges

Marcia Regina Ferreira, Daniel Gustavo Fleig — Mon, 30 Sep 2024 00:00:00 -0300

By examining the intersection of sexism and racism in the university, we seek to reflect on the construction of knowledge and how this formal space of knowledge creation can contribute not to reproduce and repeat offered models, but rather build an “other” education. It is argued that the educational context cannot be analyzed without considering the project of modernity, coloniality, racialization, and violence in our country. After all, this coloniality is also present in the university. Starting from this colonial legacy of the knowledge structure (epistemic racism/sexism), the coloniality of power (domination and asymmetry in relationships), and understanding its implications in university life, this essay aims to address decoloniality and to think about social innovations through the valorization of marginalized knowledge (“other” bodies), in order to reflect upon what does formal knowledge construction have to do with it. As a result, the fissures in the Eurocentric wall produced through social innovations and other knowledges are presented, highlighting the contributions and challenges of formal knowledge in Brazil. With fundamental elements such as interculturality, decolonization, and decoloniality, the essay indicates that in recent decades universities have become a space for announcing and denouncing social, cognitive, and relational injustices. This change is occurring through the emergence of new configurations of educational institutions in Brazil. Finally, this feeling-thinking [sentir-pensar] about education is considered as a social innovation, as it presents new praxis that articulate love, pedagogy, humanities, and liberation, as found in critical interculturality and the biopraxis of Latin American education.

Reflexiones frente a la producción del Territorio en la Zona de Reserva Campesina Pato-Balsillas, Municipio de San Vicente del Caguán, Depto. Caquetá, Colombia

Sergio Borda Leon — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0300

La producción del territorio, representa un enfoque frente al concepto de territorio, concibiendo al territorio como un producto de un tejido de relaciones sociales, donde el “poder” es el hilo conductor. Esta perspectiva, parte de concebir que la vivencia territorial está inmerso en un sistema tridimensional sociedad-espacio-tiempo, donde se incorporan otros atributos adicionales. Es así como en el trabajo de campo, a partir de entrevistas abiertas y observación participante (Zona de Reserva Campesina Pato-Balsillas, Municipio de San Vicente del Caguán, depto. Del Caquetá, Colombia) busca un análisis territorial de la ZRC Pato-Balsillas, a partir de la categoría “Producción del Territorio”, integrando los atributos definidos para este concepto. Así mismo, se advirtió la importancia de los movimientos sociales como dinamizadores de las relaciones sociales, en ese sentido se busca establecer su incidencia en la “Producción del territorio”.

Huixtán, Chiapas, México: un modelo de transición agroecológica desde la perspectiva campesina

Aura Patricia Juárez Juárez, Emanuel Gómez-Martínez — Wed, 13 Nov 2024 00:00:00 -0300

El propósito es analizar los progresos y obstáculos de la política pública de transición agroecológica en Huixtán, Chiapas. Metodología: consiste en un estudio de casos fundamentado en la revisión documental, encuestas, talleres participativos y entrevistas a actores clave de las comunidades Adolfo López Mateos y Carmen Yalchuch. Se aborda la discusión teórica sobre la transición social agroecológica, enfocándose en las dimensiones técnico-productivas y políticas para examinar las implicaciones de la Estrategia de Acompañamiento Técnico del programa Producción por el Bienestar con los campesinos de Huixtán. Resultados: las tierras marginales de escasa productividad, los factores climáticos, la incidencia de plagas y enfermedades, y el acceso al agua son determinantes en la actividad agrícola. Los campesinos emplean diversas técnicas y prácticas agrícolas para garantizar la cosecha de maíz (Zea mayz) y frijol (Phaseolus vulgaris). La disponibilidad de agua en las comunidades es limitada, lo que afecta la producción de bioinsumos promovidos en las Escuelas de Campo. El estudio registra la experiencia de agricultores de maíz de temporal en un municipio de Los Altos de Chiapas. Conclusión: la transición hacia sistemas agroecológicos está influenciada por aspectos técnicos productivos, así como por factores sociales que la condicionan y desafían.