CD 154 : STRONG GLUTEN WHEAT WITH HIGH YIELD POTENTIAL CD 154 : TRIGO

Wheat breeding programs focus on potential grain yield, industrial quality, low plant height, and disease resistance. Cultivar CD 154 was a result of the search for cultivars with high yield potential and industrial wheat quality. This cultivar was derived from a cross between CD 104 and CDI 200104, by COODETEC, in 1999. Cultivar CD 154 was included in preliminary grain yield trials in 2005 and 2006, and was then tested to determine the Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU) from 2007 to 2012, with the acronym CD 0705. All trials were arranged in an experimental design of randomized blocks with three replications. The yield of cultivar CD 154 was 16 %, 10 % and 4 % higher than the mean yield of the two best controls, respectively, in the wheat-growing regions VCU 2, 3 and 4. The analysis of industrial quality, resulted in a mean gluten strength of 364 and mean stability of 17.1 min, which allows the inclusion cultivar CD 154 in the cultivar group of strong gluten wheat. The cultivar is classified as strong gluten wheat, has a high yield potential and good lodging resistance, and is therefore another promising alternative for wheat farmers of the hottest regions of Brazil.

Wheat breeding programs focus on potential grain yield, industrial quality, low plant height, and disease resistance (BRUNETTA E DOTTO, 2000) and many have made significant progress in grain yield and other relevant traits (KOHLI, 1998), among them processing quality.
The wheat flour quality is determined by the genetics of the cultivar, varying according to the growth environment.The genetic of a cultivar defines the potential and balance of the proteins, especially those of gluten, which, according to BRAMMER (2000), are present in the grain endosperm, and account for 85 % of the proteins in the flour and are mainly responsible for the wheat quality.Cultivar CD 154 was a result of the search for cultivars with high yield Cultivar CD 154 was derived from a cross between wheat cultivars CD 104 and CDI 200104, by COODETEC, in 1999, in Palotina.The F1 seeds were sown in 1999 in a greenhouse in Cascavel.At maturity all ears were bulk-harvested and later threshed, providing F2 seeds.The F2 population was selected in 2000, in Cascavel, by the mass method.The populations F3 to F5 were selected by the pedigree method in Palotina.Each plant of the plot was harvested and threshed separately, resulting in various populations, derived from each plant of this cross.The characteristics were fixed in the F6 generation, resulting in multiple rows, one of which originated CD 154.The pedigree of this line is CC15154-0T-1P-2P-2P-0P.
Cultivar CD 154 was included in preliminary grain yield tests in 2005 and 2006, carried out in Cascavel and Palotina due to its superior performance than of the controls evaluated in trials to determine the Value of Cultivation and Use (VCU), in 2007(VCU), in , 2008(VCU), in , 2009(VCU), in , 2010(VCU), in , 2011(VCU), in , and 2012 with the initials CD 0705.The VCU tests were carried out in the specific wheat-growing regions (EMBRAPA TRIGO, 2006) The VCU trials in the wheat region 4 were conducted in Cristalina/GO and São Gotardo/MG, in 2008; in Catalão/GO, Luziânia/GO, Paracatu/MG and São Gotardo/MG, in 2009; and in Catalão/GO, Luziânia/GO, Paracatu/MG and São Gotardo/MG, in 2010, resulting in a total of 79 trials of all wheatgrowing regions.
The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with three replications in plots consisting of six 5-m long rows, spaced 0.20 m apart, with mechanical sowing.Fertilization and pest and disease control were applied according to technical recommendations (REUNIÃO 2008).Prior to sowing, the seeds were treated with Triadimenol + Imidacloprid.
The measured values were grain yield, days from emergence to heading, days from emergence to maturity, plant height, lodging, test weight, 1000grain weight, and gluten strength.At strategic locations, collections of genotypes were grown representing the VCU trials, to which no disease control of the aerial part was applied, where diseases such as leaf rust, leaf spot, powdery mildew, head blight, and blast, among others were observed.
Table 1 shows the mean grain yield in the wheat-growing regions VCU 2, 3 and 4, respectively, where cultivar CD 154 produced yields 16 %, 10 % and 4 % higher than the mean of the two controls, in the three wheat-growing regions.
Due to its excellent performance, cultivar CD 154 was indicated for cultivation in the regions mentioned above, i.e., in the states of Paraná, Mato Grosso do Sul, São Paulo, Goiás, and Minas Gerais (BRASIL, 2010).
The plant height of cultivar CD 154 is low to medium, with an average height of 75 cm, ranging from 68 to 90 cm.The cycle length is medium, lasting from 55 to 80 days from emergence to heading and from 99 to 132 days from emergence to maturity.The means of these characteristics were 66 and 116 days, respectively, which vary according to the climatic conditions, sowing date and soil type.
For head blight (Fusarium graminearum), high scores were recorded, indicating that the cultivar is susceptible.To helmintosporiose (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and glume blotch (Septoria tritici and Stagonospora nodorum) indices of average severity of leaf spot and glume spot were determined that ranked the cultivar as moderately susceptible.The severity of leaf rust (Puccinia recondita f. sp.tritici) was average under field conditions, indicating that the cultivar is moderately susceptible.To blast (Pyricularia grisea (Cooke) Sacc.), CD 154 was classified as susceptible.
In view of the strong gluten wheat, high potential yield, lodging resistance, CD 154 is one more important alternative as cultivar for wheat farmers of the hottest regions of Brazil.